PREFACE ......................................................... 5

Chapter 1  PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL
TRANSFORMATIONS AND SYNTHESIS IN SHAPED-CHARGE FLOWS ............ 8
1.1  Synthesis of compounds and physicochemical
     transformations under collapse of powder liner ............ 11
1.2  Synthesis of coatings under the collision of shaped-
     charge flow and barrier ................................... 16
1.3  Reactor involving oppositely directed shaped-charge
     flows ..................................................... 20
1.4  Heterogeneous composition explosives in shaped-charge
     synthesis ................................................. 21
     References to Chapter 1 ................................... 25

Chapter 2  CONSTRUCTION OF THE MODEL OF SHOCK-WAVE LOADING OF
POWDER MIXTURES ................................................ 28
2.1  Shock adiabat of powder mixtures .......................... --
2.2  The Gruneisen variable coefficient calculation ............ 31
2.3  Shock adiabats with allowance for phase transition ........ 33
2.4  Pressure and temperature estimate in "shaped-charge
     reactor" zone ............................................. 38
     References to Chapter 2 ................................... 44

Chapter 3  HIGH-VELOCITY INTERACTION OF PARTICLES AND
MECHANO-CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF SMALL-SIZED POWDERS
(MATHEMATICAL MODELS AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS) ................... 47
3.1  Physical and mechanical transformations under collision
     of particles .............................................. --
     3.1.1  Method of molecular dynamics ....................... --
     3.1.2  Method of moving cellular automations .............. 53
     3.1.3  Peculiarities of disintegration of ceramic
            particles under impact ............................. 61
     3.1.4  Structural transformations under collision of
            copper nanoparticles ............................... 65
     3.1.5  Collisions of nickel nanoparticles. Influence of
            hydrogen saturation of nanoparticles ............... 69
3.2  Shaped-charge synthesis (cellular-automation models) ...... 72
     Introduction	
     3.2.1  Formation of shaped-charge jet at the stage of
            collapse of powder liner ........................... 73
     3.2.2  Interaction of target and shaped-charge flow of
            particles, synthesis of coating .................... 82
     3.2.3  Cellular-automation model of the flow of powder
            particles in gas ................................... 89
3.3  Macrokinetics of mechanochemical synthesis of precursor
     powders .................................................. 100
     Introduction	
     3.3.1  Mathematical model ................................ 101
     3.3.2  Investigation of the model ........................ 108
     3.3.3  Determination of effective kinetic constants ...... 113
     References to Chapter 3 .................................. 121

Chapter 4  MECHANOCOPOSITES AS PRECURSORS UNDER SHAPED-
CHARGE SYNTHESIS OF COATINGS .................................. 126
4.1  Peculiarities and regimes of obtaining of
     mechanocomposites ........................................ ---
4.2  Electron microscopy and X-ray examination of defect
     microstructure of mechanocomposites ...................... 132
     4.2.1  Technique of electron microscopy examination of
            substructures with high continuum density of
            defects ........................................... 134
     4.2.2  The results of X-ray structural analysis .......... 137
     4.2.3  Electron microscopy examination of defect
            substructure ...................................... 139
     4.2.4  Fields of local internal damage ................... 149
4.3  Highly defective nanostructural states with high local
     voltage gradients ........................................ 150
4.4  Shaped-charge synthesis with mechano-activated powder
     mixtures (experimental invesigation) ..................... 155
4.5  Influence of mechano-activation on the structural state
     and phase composition of nanocrystal powders ZrO-Y2O
     and ZrO2-Y2O3-A12O3 ...................................... 172
    References to Chapter 4 ................................... 180

Chapter 5  DECOMPOSITION AND SYNTHESIS OF COMPOUNDS IN
SHAPED-CHARGE REACTOR ......................................... 187
5.1  Shaped-charge synthesis of high-temperature phases W2B
     and в-WB ................................................. ---
5.2  Decomposition of precursors in shaped-charge flows with
     subsequent synthesis of new compounds .................... 193
5.3  Synthesis of high-hard coatings on steel and titanium
     substrates ............................................... 198
     References to Chapter 5 .................................. 201

Chapter 6  SHAPED-CHARGE LINERS MADE OF NANOCRYSTAL
ZIRCONIUM-DIOXIDE-BASED POWDERS ............................... 203
6.1  Transformations in zirconium dioxide in shaped-charge
     reactor .................................................. ---
6.2  Phase transformation and kinetics of compaction of
     ZrO2-based nano-powders under high-temperature actions
     and mechanical compaction ................................ 210
6.3  Dynamic high-pressure forming of nanopowders ............. 220
References to Chapter 6 ....................................... 232

CONCLUSION .................................................... 235