INTRODUCTION .................................................... 3

                             Part 1
          TICKS AS VECTORS OF INFECTIOUS CAUSATIVE AGENTS

Chapter 1  ICKS AS A VECTORS OF PATHOGENS ...................... 13
1.1  Biology of taiga tick as a vector organism in natural
     foci of tick-transmitted infections (Romaschenko A.V.,
     Moshkin M.P.) ............................................. --
1.2  The factors of variability of taiga ticks (Ixodes
     persulcatus) behavioural and electrophysiological
     reactions on human sexual pheromones (Romaschenko A.V.,
     Ratushnyak A.S., Zapara T.A., Tkachev S.E.,
     Moshkin M.P.) ............................................. 20

Chapter 2  THE FEEDERS OF TAIGA TICKS .......................... 35
2.1  Small mammals of woodland park zone of Novosibirsk
     scientific center as a feeders of the preimaginal stage
     of taiga tick (Panov V.V.) ................................ --
2.2  Ecological and epidemiological significance of
     intraspecific heterogene-city of taiga ticks feeders
     (Novikov E.A., Gerlinskaya L.A., Zav'ialov E.L.,
     Мак V.V., Panov V.V., Moskvitina N.S., Kravchenko L.B.,
     Moshkin M.P.) ............................................. 38

Chapter 3  EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION AND DIAGNOSTICS OF TICK-
TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS ЛТ THE TERRITORY OF EASTERN SIBERIA
(IRKUTSK REGION) (Kozlova I.V., Verkhozina M.M.,
Doroschenko E.K., Lisak O.V., Rar V.A., Fomenko N.V.,
Demina T.V., Dzhioev Yu.P., Zlobin V.I.) ....................... 51

                            Part 2
                    TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS

Chapter 4  MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS
VIRUS .......................................................... 73
4.1  Epidemiology and prevention of tick-borne encephalitis
     in Russian Federation (Zlobin V.I., Malov I.V.,
     L'vov O.K.)	
4.2  Molecular-epidemiological and ecology-geographical
     characteristic of tick-borne encephalitis virus in
     Eastern Siberia (Verkhozina M.M., Kozlova L.V.,
     Demina T.V., Dzhioev Yu.P., Doroschenko E.K.,
     Lisak O.V., Karon' L.S., Tkachev S.E., Zlobin V.I.) ....... 84
4.3  Study of the genetic structure of tick-borne
     encephalitis virus population revealed at the territory
     of woodland park zone of Novosibirsk scientific center
     (Tkachev S.E., Bakhvalova V.N., Panov V.V.,
     Romaschenko A.V., Moshkin M.P.) .......................... 108
4.4  The origin and distribution of tick-borne encephalitis
     virus of the Siberian subtype (S-TBEV) in the Middle
     Ural, the european part of Russia and Baltic countries
     (Kovalev S.Yu., Chernyh D.N., Kokorev V.S.,
     Snitkovskaya Т.Е., Romanenko V.V.) ....................... 117
4.5  Genotyping of tick-borne encephalitis virus in natural
     and antropogenous foci of Eurasia based on multipoint
     hybridization (Demina T.V., Dzhioev Yu.P.,
     Verkhozina M.M., Kozlova L.V., Tkachev S.E.,
     Doroschenko E.K., Lisak O.V., Zlobin V.I.) ............... 139

Chapter 5  THE USE OF MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS METHODS FOR
TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS STUDY ................................. 154
5.1  The use of mathematical analysis methods for tick-borne
     encephalitis virus intrapopulation and interpopulation
     differentiation based on multi-point hybridization
     results (Bukin Yu.S., Dzhioev Yu.P., Demina T.V.,
     Verkhozina M.M., Kozlova L.V., Zlobin V.I.) .............. ---
5.2  Mathematical analysis of the influence of astrophysical
     and meteorological natural factors on tick-borne
     encephalitis morbidity of Novosibirsk region
     population (Lbov G.S., Polyakova G.L., Gusev V.A.,
     Bakhvalova V.N., Morozova O.V., Bannikova L.M.,
     Kozlovskiy L.I., Miheev V.N., Shul'gina N.I.,
     Glupov V.V.) ............................................. 163

Chapter 6  THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE APPROACHES FOR TICK-BORNE
ENCEPHALITIS PREVENTION ....................................... 174
6.1  The perspectives for development of vaccines based on
     genetically modified plants (Deineko E.V.,
     Tkachev S.E.) ............................................ ---
6.2  Gene immunization against tick-borne encephalitis
     virus (Tkachev S.E., Matveeva V.A., Mitrofanova E.E.,
     Bakhvalova V.N.) ......................................... 182

                             Part 3
                           BORRELIOSIS

Chapter 7  MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BORRELIA ................. 197
7.1  Ixodid and argasid ticks borreliosis (Fomenko N.V.) ...... ---
7.2  Ixodid ticks borreliosis in Western Siberia: aetiology
     and molecular-genetic aspects of ITB investigations in
     Siberia (Rudakova S.A.) .................................. 214
7.3  Temporal dynamics of vector part of Borrelia
     burgdorferi s.l. population and its determining
     factors (Livanova N.N., Panov V.V.) ...................... 228

Chapter 8  STUDY OF BORRELIA GENES FUNCTIONS
(Morozova O.V., Morozov L.V., Cabello F.K.) ................... 238
8.1  Molecular genetics of Borrelia ........................... ---
8.2  Vectors for molecular-genetic studies of Borrelia
     burgdorferi s.l .......................................... 239
8.3  Selective markers for molecular-genetic studies of
     Borrelia ................................................. 243
8.4  Reporter genes ........................................... 245
8.5  Transposons .............................................. ---
8.6  Regulation of Borrelia genes expression by antisense
     RNAs ..................................................... 249

                             Part 4
            ANOTHER INFECTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH TICKS

Chapter 9  FLAVIVIRUSES ....................................... 257
9.1  Taxonomy of Flaviviruses and their genetic diversity
     (Loktev V.B.) ............................................ ---
9.2  Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus: epidemiological and
     clinical aspects (Yakimenko V.V.) ........................ 279

Chapter 10 THE DISTRIBUTION AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF
BABESIA AT THE TERRITORY OF NOTHERN URAL, WESTERN SIBERIA
AND FAR EAST (Rar V.A., Epikhina Т.1., Bolyakhina S.A.) ....... 296
10.1 The distribution and genetic diversity of Babesia in
     natural foci ............................................. 301
10.2 Study of the canine babesiosis infectious agent in
     Western Siberia .......................................... 305

Chapter 11 GENETIC DD7ERSITY OF EHRLICHIA AND ANAPLASMA AT
THE TERRITORY OF ASIAN PART OF RUSSIA (Rar V.A.,
Livanova N.N., Pukhovskaya N.M., Kozlova LV., Ivanov L.I.) .... 309

Chapter 12 DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BARTONELLA IN
TICKS, MOSQUITOES AND PATIENTS FROM NOTHERN ASIA AND
AMERICA (Morozova O.V., Petrozhitskaya L.V., Mirzaeva A.G.,
Cabello F.K., Morozov L.V.) ................................... 321
12.1 Bartonella microbiology .................................. ---
12.2 Bartonella epidemiology .................................. 322
12.3 Detection of Bartonella DNA .............................. 323
12.4 Results of detection and identification of Bartonella
     in ixodid ticks from Novosibirsk region, USA (NY state)
     and Chile natural populations ............................ 324
12.5 Human morbidity analysis ................................. 328

REFERENCES .................................................... 332
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ......................................... 382
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................. 283
AUTHORS ....................................................... 386