Октябрь 2001 г.

Российская наука и мир (по материалам зарубежной электронной прессы)

CONTENTS / ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ


• Russia, APR young scientists to discuss economy, history
• Telegen Appoints Dr. Boris Seleznev to Director of Engineering
• Researchers pursue bioterrorism detectors
• UN: Second Committee explores potential of information technology as empowering tool for development
• Control over Caspian Sea pollution planned
• Tech Company Employs Russian Scientists
• Int'l symposium on life safety to open in Volgograd
• State of the Lake conference studies Lake Michigan
• New Maps Indicate Little is Left of Europe's Last Wilderness Forests
• Nunn: USSR Weapon-Makers May Help
• Former Soviet scientist discusses anthrax-producing facility
• Parabolic Flights Faking Weightlessness Start Today
• Cosmonauts Take Spacewalk
• Russia Launches Molniya Military Satellite

600 представителей научных школ из России, Китая и Соединенных Штатов Америки прибыли во Владивосток на 4-й форум для обсуждения проблем мировой экономики, истории, экологии, языкознания, а также последствий процессов глобализации на развитие дальневосточного региона

VLADIVOSTOK, Oct 08, 2001 (Itar-Tass via COMTEX) -- Six hundred representatives of the scientific schools of Russia, Japan, China, and the United States have arrived here to attend the 4th forum of young scientists. The forum opens here on Tuesday. Russian participants, aged from 18 to 35, represent St.Petersburg, Khabarovsk, Irkutsk, Tomsk, Chita, and Blagoveschensk universities.
An official at the press centre of the Far Eastern state technical university, which organised the forum, has told Itar-Tass that the young scientists are planning to discuss the problems of the world economy, history, ecology, linguistics, the impact of globalisation processes on the development of the Far Eastern region, in particular.
The main purpose of the forum is to share the results of research and establish contacts between various scientific centres.

Корпорация Telegen назначила известного российского физика Бориса Селезнева на пост руководителя международной группы ученых и инженеров для доработки и запуска в производство дисплеев с плоским экраном

SAN MATEO, Calif., Oct 4, 2001 /PRNewswire via COMTEX/ -- Telegen Corporation (OTC Bulletin Board: TEGN), a developer of high technology products in the flat panel display, broadband datacasting, and wireless markets, today announced that it has appointed Dr. Boris Seleznev, a world- renowned physicist, to the position of Director of Engineering at its Telegen Display Corporation subsidiary. Dr. Seleznev will report to Telegen's President and CEO, Jessica L. Stevens.
Dr. Seleznev comes to Telegen from Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, where he has held the position of Senior Scientist and Head of the Nuclear Physics Institute since 1989. Dr. Seleznev is a prolific writer and researcher with more than 50 scientific articles published during the last 10 years in the areas of laser physics, holography, interaction of laser radiation with solids, laser deposition of thin films, high temperature superconductivity, technology for growing diamond and diamond-like films, diagnostics of electron emission of diamond films, and low-voltage cathodoluminescence of phosphors.
"Dr. Seleznev brings an incredible wealth of knowledge and experience to Telegen, and will be responsible for leading our team in final development and manufacturing of our HGED flat panel display", said Ms. Stevens.
Dr. Seleznev will head an international team of scientists and engineers recently recruited by Telegen to complete development and begin manufacturing of Telegen's patented HGED flat panel display technology. The areas of technological expertise in the team include phosphor technology, display and glass processing, manufacturing processes, display electronics and chip design, material sciences, electron physics and thin film transistor fabrication.
"I am honored to be a part of this great team of technologists", said Dr. Seleznev. "Our team includes some of the best scientists and engineers in their respective disciplines and I look forward to working with them to complete commercialization of Telegen's exciting technologies".
About Telegen
Telegen Corporation is a high technology company headquartered in San Mateo, California. Telegen Corporation's subsidiaries include Telegen Display Corporation and Telisar Corporation. Telegen and its subsidiaries invent, develop, and commercialize innovative technology products in the wireless, communications, broadband datacasting and flat panel display markets.
Telegen's patented HGED technology is designed to bring clarity, brightness, and cost-effectiveness to flat panel displays. Telegen's wireless business unit is developing and marketing its InterTenna line of integrated antennas for the wireless industry. Telisar Corporation is developing broadband and wireless solutions for today's digital media marketplace. Telegen's stock is quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board under the symbol TEGN. For further information, visit the Telegen web sites at www.telegen.com and www.telegendisplays.com

Российские и американские ученые в течение нескольких лет работают над созданием портативного прибора для быстрого обнаружения вирусов, бактерий и химических препаратов, которые представляют смертельную угрозу здоровью людей. Эти работы особенно актуальны в настоящее время, когда стала реальной опасность биологического терроризма

CHICAGO, -- Developing portable equipment to quickly detect viruses, bacteria and chemicals that pose a deadly but invisible threat has taken on new urgency since last month's terrorist attacks.
Although many new technologies are quite promising, products that work in the field to provide early warning of bioterrorism are at least a few years away. And scientists caution that there probably is no technical fix for the full array of bioterrorism possibilities.
Collaborating with Russian colleagues, researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have been working for years to develop biochips capable of identifying DNA from microbes such as those that cause anthrax and smallpox. Initially, the focus was to provide portable units to be used in battlefield situations where it was feared the enemy might employ biological weapons, said Harvey Drucker, associate director at Argonne.
"Since the Sept. 11 attacks, the issue has shifted from the battlefield to civilian settings", Drucker said. "The focus is on devices that could monitor subways, buildings and airports".
Argonne scientists have developed a biochip that can recognize with high accuracy the bug that causes anthrax, Drucker said, but they've not shown it will work in field conditions. Also under development, he said, is technology needed to gather air samples, find spores that might contain anthrax microbes and obtain DNA samples that can be read by the chips. Other collaborators are working on those problems, Drucker said, and Argonne also is addressing the task of analyzing the vast amount of data that biochips can generate as they search for toxic DNA.
If research proceeds at its previous pace, a prototype for identifying anthrax threats in the field might be ready in three to five years, Drucker said. If given more money and top priority, it might take two years, he said.
At Northwestern University's Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, researchers also are working to create new technology that could quickly identify a host of threatening molecules that terrorists might unleash. Chad Mirkin, the nanocenter director, said that the ability to fabricate devices that are the size of molecules would revolutionize sensor technology-and much more in science.
"When you want to monitor small things, size makes a great difference", said Mirkin, pointing at a coffee table in his office on Northwestern's Evanston campus.
"If a molecule falls on that table, you could never measure the impact. It would be like a drop of water falling into the ocean. But if I shrink that table to the size of a molecule, then when another molecule hits it, everything is changed. Its size, shape, optical properties, electrical conductivity-it all changes".
Scientists at Northwestern have created several sensors on the molecular scale that can be tied to larger particles of gold or silver fashioned into various shapes. By mounting these particles on glass slides and shining light on them, the researchers have shown they can identify a host of target molecules quickly, simply and cheaply.
Mirkin's goal is to develop these laboratory achievements into portable devices that could quickly identify many toxic substances. The extreme smallness of the nanosensors should enable the devices to work without the need to greatly magnify targeted samples before they can be seen, a process that requires repeated heating and cooling.
But nanosensors, like biochips, require that the targeted molecules be extracted from the environment and placed in direct contact with the sensors. Colleagues at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign are working on that problem, Mirkin said. He expects the project should produce a prototype of a hand-held sensing system within two years.
Scientists at universities, national laboratories and industrial labs across the country are pursuing a variety of leads, all intended to provide fast and accurate identification of toxic materials. This research has much value beyond protecting the population against bioterrorism.
Research at Northwestern, for example, has been the basis for a company, Nanosphere Inc., based in Northbrook. Nanosphere is developing systems intended for use in physician offices to rapidly identify medical maladies so that a patient could get results during the visit instead of waiting a day or two.
Despite the likelihood that scientists will deliver new sensing technologies, their value in combating bioterrorism is far from certain. Unlike a battle situation where technology can be deployed in a defined area for a specific amount of time, terrorism has no such boundaries.
"In a battlefield, you can assign people to operate monitoring equipment", said Donald Henderson, director of the Center for Civilian Biodefense Studies at Johns Hopkins University. "Expense isn't a problem, and you have a defined period of time to worry about".
"In the civilian sector, it relates to how big an area you can monitor indefinitely and how much it costs. You'd want to have automatic systems that are always on, that operate cheaply and transmit their information to a central source. You can't have any false positives, because that would lead to panic and chaos".
"The technology designed for battlefield use doesn't transfer very well to civilian application".
Argonne's Drucker said an inherent limitation is that as technology advances, terrorists have the advantage of attacking in some unanticipated fashion.
"We're dealing with technically sophisticated people", he said. "To think they would do what we'd expect them to do is probably not a good assumption".

На заседании Комиссии ООН по науке и технологии для развития, на котором обсуждался потенциал информационных технологий как одного из основных средств развития выступил представитель Российской Федерации Евгений Станиславов

EVGENY STANISLAVOV (Russian Federation) said the Commission on Science and Technology for Development should design its broad-scale agenda encompassing scientific, technological, economic, commercial, ethical, social and educational aspects of the issue.
Furthermore, current initiatives aimed at bridging the digital divide should incorporate the Commission's previous conclusions with respect to information and communication technologies.
In that context, he added, the Commission should intensify its activities aimed at developing science and technology partnerships and networks, including those between the public and private sectors. It should also aim its efforts at assisting developing States and countries with economies in transition in gaining access to new technologies by using the recently established science and technology networks.
With respect to national capacity-building in biotechnology, he said governments should design and implement comprehensive and consistent policies aimed at developing biotechnology within the framework of their national strategies. They should also create the necessary institutional mechanisms for coordinating activities in that field. The international community should coordinate its efforts to assist developing countries and countries with economies in transition in capacity-building, particularly in respect to formulating frameworks for legal and regulatory regimes relevant to biotechnology.

В научном центре Обнинск состоялась шестая сессия координационного комитета по гидрометеорологии и мониторингу за загрязнением Каспийского моря

OBNINSK, Kaluga region, Oct 03, 2001 (Itar-Tass via COMTEX) -- The sixth session of the coordination committee for hydrometeorology and monitoring of the Caspian Sea pollution opened in the scientific centre of Obninsk.
Taking part in the session are Russian, Iranian, Kazakh and Azeri scientists, as well as representatives of petroleum companies and other organisations concerned, among them international ones.
Possibilities will be sought for pooling the efforts for rapid processing and circulation of information on the state of the Caspian environment, said Nikolai Mikhailov, the chief of the oceanographic data centre at the All-Russian hydrometeorological research institute. Questions of the functioning of the marine, coastal and observer networks, including satellite monitoring, information exchange, forecasts, as well as matters of all-round international cooperation will be analysed.

A Central Florida company is paying Russian scientists to develop positive technology, instead of weapons of war.
The Sanford company makes high-tech particles, which help to make tooth repairs last longer, provides stronger bone grafts, and filters viruses and bacteria out of water.
The work is done at Argonide in Central Florida, but the technology is from the former Soviet Union.
"We employ people, who under terrible circumstances might do us harm", Fred Tepper of Argonide said.
Tepper made his point with a world map. He said that when the Soviet Union folded, many technological minds were suddenly out of work. Those people specialized in nuclear weapons, atomic energy and other fields with military applications.
"One of the groups we employ work in a bacterial research center -- something many people have been worried about", Tepper said. Hoping to reduce the amount of weapons of mass destruction, the Department of Energy (news - web sites) teamed with U.S. businesses years ago to keep those Russian scientists working for public good.
The government and business partnership is designed to limit the number of idle high-tech hands.
"(We want to prevent) this technology from floating around and getting into rogue states or the wrong hands", Tepper said.
Some people may think that is a stretch to think the program would slow down the technology flow to terrorists, but Tepper does not agree. "It was a big stretch to think that two airliners would hit the World Trade Center wasn't it?" Tepper said.
Tepper wishes he could buy even more technology. He currently works with 70 Russian scientists.

VOLGOGRAD, Oct 08, 2001 (Itar-Tass via COMTEX) -- A package of matters connected with the problems of survival and life safety in the 21st century will be the focus of attention at an international scientific symposium which opens here on Tuesday.
Ten Conference Workshops are to be held during the four-day forum, with scientists of Russia, the United States, Israel, Germany, and Ukraine exchanging views on matters concerning technical and ecological security with due regard for the latest tragic events in the U.S. and the elimination of their aftermath.
An exhibition of new technologies, instruments and equipment aimed at ensuring life safety will open within the framework of the symposium at the Volgograd State Architectual and Building Academy.

Предметом обсуждения двухдневной конференции, которая состоится в Государственном университете Grand Valley, станет совместная программа российских и американских ученых по изучению состояния озер Мичиган и Байкал

MUSKEGON, Mich., Oct. 25 /PRNewswire/ -- Lake Michigan is a crucial national resource for industry, recreation and drinking. But the lake faces challenges like pollution, infestation by exotic species, and low water levels.
The lake's health will be the subject of a two-day conference hosted by Grand Valley State University's R.B. Annis Water Resources Institute. "Lake Michigan: State of the Lake 2001" features speakers from throughout the Lake Michigan basin and beyond presenting research results, program information, and interactive workshops.
The conference runs November 6 and 7, 2001 at GVSU's Lake Michigan Center, 740 W. Shoreline Dr., Muskegon, Mich.
The keynote speaker for the conference is Dr. Elena Kuzevanova of the Limnological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences who will speak on Lake Baikal-Lake Michigan Partnerships.
The conference features sessions on:
Fisheries
Lake biology
Contaminants in Lake Michigan
Coastal watersheds and restoration
Environmental monitoring and assessment

There are also workshops on aquatic nuisance species, the Lake Michigan potential damages study, and recreational water quality. Conference participants will be given an opportunity to help contribute to the update of the EPA's Lake Michigan Lakewide Management Plan.
The U.S. EPA Lake Michigan Forum will hold a quarterly meeting in conjunction with the conference. On November 8, the Lake Michigan Monitoring Coordination Council will also be meeting in Muskegon.
The conference is funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 5 and Grand Valley State University. It is a follow-up to a similar conference, held in 1999, which was the first major conference on Lake Michigan to bring together scientists, public policy makers and the general public.

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