DIRECTIONS FOR INTERNATIONALLY COMPATIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL DATA
A CODATA Workshop, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
13-24 May 1986
Volume I. Report
Prepared by the Workshop Organizing Committee
Barry I. Diamondstone, Editor
Preface ..................................................... v
The Workshop Organizing Committee ......................... vii
The Workshop Sponsors ...................................... ix
Acknowledgements ........................................... xi
1 Executive Summary ......................................... 1
1.1 Key Issues in the Management of Data Programs ......... 1
1.2 Key Elements Required for Enhanced Data Compatibility 2
1.3 Key Data Needs ........................................ 3
Sommaire Executif ......................................... 5
2 General Perspectives ...................................... 9
3 Data Quality Issues ...................................... 12
4 Producing Environmental Data: An Overview ................ 15
4.1 Sampling and Transportation .......................... 16
4.2 Chemical Analysis and Quality of Data ................ 17
4.3 Physical Measurements ................................ 18
4.4 Reporting the Data ................................... 18
4.5 Regulations and Compliance Monitoring ................ 19
4.6 Monitoring and Background Data for Scientific Aims ... 20
4.7 Data Management and Dissemination .................... 20
5 Directions for Internationally Compatible Environmental
Data: Discussion ......................................... 22
5.1 Sampling ............................................. 25
5.2 Chemical Data ........................................ 26
5.3 Physical Data ........................................ 31
5.4 Biological Data ...................................... 31
5.5 Some Archiving Considerations ........................ 33
5.6 Data Management ...................................... 34
5.6.1 Data Management for Global Programs ............ 34
5.6.2 Data Management for Regional Programs .......... 35
5.6.3 Data Management for Regulatory Programs ........ 36
5.6.4 Geographical Information Systems (GIS) ......... 39
6 Conclusions and Recommendations .......................... 40
6.1 Air, Water, Soils, and Multimedia Data Programs ...... 40
6.1.1 Air Discussion Group Summary ................... 40
6.1.2 Water Discussion Group Summary ................. 41
6.1.3 Soils Discussion Group Summary ................. 43
6.2 Data Management ...................................... 44
6.3 Recommendations for COD ATA .......................... 53
Appendix I: Organizations and Programs ..................... 55
CODATA: Its Roles and Goals .................... 55
ICSU, the IGBP and Other ICSU Programs ......... 56
Other Non-ISCU Programs ........................ 57
References to the Literature ................... 58
Appendix II: Workshop Program .............................. 59
Appendix III: Data Reference Standards and Guidelines ...... 65
Air .......................................... 65
Data ......................................... 88
Water ........................................ 98
Material Reference Standards ................ 114
Soil ........................................ 116
Appendix IV: Some Major Regional and Global Data Programs
and Data Banks ............................... 122
A. Summary of Global Monitoring Efforts and
Data Banks ................................ 122
B. Brief Description of Source of These
Programs .................................. 125
C. Excerpts of the Study for the Economic
Summit 1986 on Improvement and
Harmonization of Techniques and Practices
of Environmental Measurements ............. 127
D. UNESCO: Man and the Biosphere (MAB) and
CODATA .................................... 137
E. World Conference on Large Lakes ........... 140
F. Changes in the Law of the Sea and Their
Significance for Environmental Data ....... 142
G. Availability and Coverage of the Grid Data
Base ...................................... 145
Appendix V. Bibliography of Related References Highlighted
by Workshop Participants ...................... 147
Appendix VI. List of Attendees ............................ 155
Appendix VII. Abbreviations ............................... 167
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