Contributor contact details .................................. xiii
1 Introduction to smart polymers and their applications ........ 1
M.R. Aguilar and J. San Román, Institute of Polymer Science
and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Spain and Networking Biomedical
Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and
Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
1.1 Introduction ............................................ 1
1.2 Types of smart polymer .................................. 2
1.3 Applications of smart polymers .......................... 4
1.4 Conclusion .............................................. 7
1.5 Acknowledgments ......................................... 7
1.6 References .............................................. 7
Part I Types of smart polymer .................................. 13
2 Temperature-responsive polymers: properties, synthesis and
applications ................................................ 15
R. Hoogenboom, Ghent University, Belgium
2.1 Introduction ........................................... 15
2.2 Basic principles of temperature-responsive polymers
in aqueous solution .................................... 18
2.3 Key types of temperature-responsive polymers in
aqueous solution ....................................... 22
2.4 Selected applications of thermoresponsive polymers ..... 33
2.5 Conclusion ............................................. 37
2.6 Future trends .......................................... 37
2.7 References ............................................. 37
3 pH-responsive polymers: properties, synthesis and
applications ................................................ 45
F. Reyes-Ortega, Institute of Polymer Science and
Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Spain and Networking Biomedical
Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and
Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
3.1 Introduction ........................................... 45
3.2 Key types and properties of pH-responsive polymers ..... 46
3.3 Synthesis of pH-responsive polymers .................... 56
3.4 Different methodologies for the preparation of
pH-responsive polymers ................................. 57
3.5 Different architectures of pH-responsive polymers ...... 62
3.6 Applications ........................................... 71
3.7 Conclusion ............................................. 79
3.8 Future trends .......................................... 80
3.9 References ............................................. 81
3.10 Appendix: abbreviations ................................ 90
4 Photo-responsive polymers: properties, synthesis
and applications ............................................ 93
J. Cui and A. del Campo, Max Planck Institute for Polymer
Research, Germany
4.1 Introduction ........................................... 93
4.2 Chromophores and their light-induced molecular
response ............................................... 94
4.3 Key types and properties of photo-responsive polymers .. 96
4.4 Applications .......................................... 111
4.5 Conclusions and future trends ......................... 126
4.6 References ............................................ 127
5 Magnetically responsive polymer gels and elastomers:
properties, synthesis and applications ..................... 134
M. Zrinyi, Semmelweis University, Hungary
5.1 Introduction .......................................... 134
5.2 Preparation of magnetically responsive polymer gels
and elastomeric materials ............................. 136
5.3 Magnetic properties of filler-loaded polymers ......... 144
5.4 Elastic behaviour of magnetic gels and elastomers ..... 145
5.5 Kinetics of shape change .............................. 154
5.6 The swelling equilibrium under a uniform magnetic
field ................................................. 154
5.7 Polymer gels in a non-uniform electric or magnetic
field ................................................. 161
5.8 Future trends ......................................... 162
5.9 Acknowledgements ...................................... 163
5.10 References ............................................ 163
6 Enzyme-responsive polymers: properties, synthesis
and applications ........................................... 166
M. Zelzer, University of Nottingham, UK and R.V. Ulijn,
University of Strathclyde, UK
6.1 Introduction .......................................... 166
6.2 Enzyme-responsive materials: rationale, definition
and history ........................................... 167
6.3 Key types and properties of enzyme-responsive
polymers .............................................. 171
6.4 Preparation of enzyme-responsive polymers ............. 177
6.5 Characterisation of enzyme-responsive polymers ........ 188
6.6 Applications .......................................... 191
6.7 Conclusion ............................................ 195
6.8 Future trends ......................................... 196
6.9 References ............................................ 197
7 Shape memory polymers: properties, synthesis and
applications ............................................... 204
L. Peponi, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology
(ICTP-CSIC), Spain and I. Navarro-Baena and J.M. Kenny,
Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC),
Spain and University of Perugia, Terni, Italy
7.1 Introduction .......................................... 204
7.2 Characterizing shape memory effects in polymeric
materials ............................................. 211
7.3 Classifying shape memory polymers: classification by
polymer structure ..................................... 213
7.4 Classifying shape memory polymers: classification by
type of stimulus ...................................... 221
7.5 Main applications of smart polymers ................... 225
7.6 Conclusion ............................................ 227
7.7 References ............................................ 227
8 Smart polymer hydrogels: properties, synthesis and
applications ............................................... 237
S.К. Samal, M. Dash, P. Dubruel and S. Van Vlierberghe,
Ghent University, Belgium
8.1 Introduction .......................................... 237
8.2. Key types and properties of smart polymer hydrogels .. 238
8.3 Applications of smart polymer hydrogels ............... 257
8.4 Conclusions and future trends ......................... 264
8.5 References ............................................ 265
9 Self-healing polymer systems: properties, synthesis
and applications ........................................... 271
S.J. Garcia, Delft University of Technology, The
Netherlands and H.R. Fischer,TNO Technical Sciences,
The Netherlands
9.1 Introduction .......................................... 271
9.2 Types of self-healing ................................. 275
9.3 Self-healing and recovery of functionality in
materials ............................................. 281
9.4 Conclusion ............................................ 292
9.5 Acknowledgements ...................................... 293
9.6 References ............................................ 293
Part II Applications of smart polymers ........................ 299
10 Smart instructive polymer substrates for tissue
engineering ................................................ 301
C.A. Custódio, R.L. Reis and J.F. Mano, University of
Minho, Portugal and PT Government Associated Laboratory,
Portugal and A. del Campo, Max Planck Institute for
Polymer Research, Germany
10.1 Introduction .......................................... 301
10.2 Instructive polymeric surfaces ........................ 302
10.3 Instructive hydrogels with a physicochemical
response .............................................. 306
10.4 Materials with 3D defined patterns .................... 312
10.5 Applications in tissue engineering .................... 314
10.6 Conclusion and future trends .......................... 317
10.7 References ............................................ 318
11 Smart polymer nanocarriers for drug delivery ............... 327
M.Talelli, A. Duro-Castaño, G. Rodríguez-Escalona and
M.J. Vicent, Centro de Investigation Principe Felipe,
Spain
11.1 Introduction .......................................... 327
11.2 Smart polymeric carriers for drug delivery:
pH-responsive nanocarriers ............................ 329
11.3 Smart polymeric carriers for drug delivery: enzyme-
responsive nanocarriers ............................... 335
11.4 Smart polymeric carriers for drug delivery:
oxidation-responsive nanocarriers ..................... 342
11.5 Smart polymeric carriers for drug delivery:
temperature-responsive nanocarriers ................... 344
11.6 Smart polymeric carriers for drug delivery:
nanocarriers responsive to other stimuli .............. 346
11.7 Conclusion and future trends .......................... 348
11.8 References ............................................ 348
12 The use of smart polymers in medical devices for
minimally invasive surgery, diagnosis and other
applications ............................................... 359
L.G. Gómez-Mascaraque, R. Palao-Suay and B. Vázquez,
Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC),
Spain and Networking Biomedical Research Center in
Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-
BBN), Spain
12.1 Introduction .......................................... 359
12.2 Types and preparation of smart polymers for medical
devices: polymers classified by type of stimulus ...... 361
12.3 Types and preparation of smart polymers for medical
devices: polymers classified by structural
properties ............................................ 365
12.4 Applications: medical devices based on shape memory
polymers (SMPs) ....................................... 378
12.5 Applications: SMPs in minimally invasive surgery ...... 380
12.6 Applications: medical devices for cancer diagnosis
and therapy ........................................... 383
12.7 Applications: biosensors for diagnostic medical
devices ............................................... 384
12.8 Applications: biosensors and actuators for enhanced
diagnostics and therapy ............................... 387
12.9 Applications: microfluidics-based biomedical
devices .............................................. 389
12.10 Conclusion and future trends ......................... 392
12.11 References ........................................... 394
13 Smart polymers for bioseparation and other biotechnology
applications ............................................... 408
I.N. Savina, University of Brighton, UK, I.Yu. Galaev,
DSM, The Netherlands and S. V. Mikhalovsky, University of
Brighton, UK and Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan
13.1 Introduction .......................................... 408
13.2 Smart polymers (SPs) for bioseparation: use in
affinity precipitation ................................ 409
13.3 Aqueous two-phase polymer systems formed by SPs for
use in bioseparation .................................. 414
13.4 Chromatographic carriers with grafted SPs and
adsorbents produced from SPs .......................... 417
13.5 Membranes with SP-grafted pores ....................... 425
13.6 Use of smart polymers in catalysis .................... 429
13.7 Conclusion and future trends .......................... 432
13.8 References ............................................ 432
14 Smart polymers for textile applications .................... 437
J. Ни and J. Lu, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,
Hong Kong
14.1 Introduction .......................................... 437
14.2 Types of smart polymers for textile applications ...... 438
14.3 Actuating mechanisms for smart polymers ............... 448
14.4 The use of smart polymer effects in textiles .......... 453
14.5 Using smart polymers in practice: medical textiles .... 461
14.6 Conclusion ............................................ 464
14.7 References ............................................ 465
15 Biopolymers for food packaging applications ................ 476
M.J. Fabra, A. López-Rubio and J.M. Lagaron, Institute of
Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Spain
15.1 Introduction .......................................... 476
15.2 Coatings and active coatings in foods ................. 478
15.3 Micro- and nanoencapsulation in foods ................. 483
15.4 Packaging ............................................. 492
15.5 Conclusion and future trends .......................... 500
15.6 References ............................................ 500
16 Smart polymers for optical data storage .................... 510
E. Blasco, M. Pinol, C. Berges, С. Sánchez-Somolinos and
L. Oriol, ICMA, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
16.1 Introduction .......................................... 510
16.2 Photoinduced molecular motions of azobenzene
chromophores .......................................... 515
16.3 Macromolecular architectures in azopolymers ........... 516
16.4 Synthetic strategies to azopolymers for optical data
storage ............................................... 517
16.5 Photoinduced response of azobenzene polymers .......... 527
16.6 Alternative macromolecular architectures for the
design of azopolymers ................................. 533
16.7 Conclusion ............................................ 540
16.8 References ............................................ 542
Index ......................................................... 549
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