Lim H. Multiplicity yours: cloning, stem cell research, and regenerative medicine. - Singapore: World Scientific Publications, 2006. - 412 p. - ISBN 981-265-866-2  Место хранения:   07 | Центральная библиотека Красноярского научного центра СО РАН | Красноярск

Оглавление / Contents

Acknowledgments .............................................. xiii Preface ...................................................... xvii 1 Prologue ...................................................... 1 About the Title of the Book ................................... 1 Risks of Writing this Book .................................... 3 The Title Revisited ........................................... 6 What Has Gravity Got To Do with This Book? .................. 7 One-Handed Scientist ........................................ 9 Information Cornucopia ..................................... 12 Will the Y Chromosome Decay and Take Men with It? ........ 13 A Goal of This Book ........................................ 15 Inside This Book ............................................. 15 Best Use of This Book ........................................ 19 2 A Primer on Genetics ......................................... 21 Living Things ................................................ 21 Tinkering Using Technology ................................... 24 Survival of the Fittest ...................................... 27 How Genetics Changed the Course of History ................. 29 Timeline of Genetics ......................................... 30 3 Sex - A Primal Instinct ...................................... 37 The Primal Instinct for Sex .................................. 37 Emperor Penguins ........................................... 37 Salmons .................................................... 39 Pacific Grunions ........................................... 39 Other Aspects of Sex ....................................... 40 Sex Reigns - Birds and Bees Do It, But Why? ................ 41 Models of Co-Evolution ....................................... 42 The Deleterious Mutation Hypothesis ........................ 43 The Red Queen Hypothesis ................................... 44 Computer Simulations ......................................... 46 Supporting Evidence ........................................ 47 Scandal without Sex ........................................ 48 Selfish Genes ................................................ 49 Selfishly Altruistic Kin Selection ......................... 50 4 Mating Dance ................................................. 53 Basic Instinct ............................................... 53 Scents of Love ............................................. 54 Cupid's Chemicals .......................................... 55 Mating Dance ................................................. 56 Of Man and Ape ............................................. 57 Sexual Matrimony and Polyamory ............................. 58 And Less Love ................................................ 60 Tug of War, In Utero ......................................... 64 Back inlo the Past and Future ................................ 65 5 Quest for Perfection ......................................... 67 Beauty Lies in the Eyes of the Beholder ...................... 67 Ancient Definition of Perfection ........................... 68 Search for the Perfect Face ................................ 69 Search for Hour-Glass Figure ............................... 71 The Myth of Beauty ........................................... 73 The Cute Factor ............................................ 74 No Choice for Baby ........................................... 77 Selective Paternal Reproduction ............................ 79 The Founding of Rome ..................................... 81 Selective Maternal Reproduction ............................ 82 Eugenics ..................................................... 83 First Stage ................................................ 84 Second Stage ............................................... 85 Third Stage ................................................ 88 Fourth Stage ............................................... 89 6 Invisible Hand in the Human Body Shop ........................ 91 The Human Life Cycle ......................................... 91 The Reproductive Cycle ..................................... 92 Sex Hormones ............................................... 94 Inside the Womb ............................................ 95 Birth Defects ................................................ 98 The Invisible Hand in Human Body Commerce ................... 102 From Alchemy to Algeny .................................... 103 In Vitro Fertilization ...................................... 105 IVF the Aussie Style ...................................... 108 The Business of In Vitro Fertilization .................... 110 IVF Children .............................................. 111 Donor Insemination .......................................... 112 DI Half-Siblings .......................................... 114 Hello Dolly, Good-Bye Dolly ................................. 115 7 Clonology ................................................... 119 Parthenogenesis - Virgin Birth .............................. 119 Cloning ..................................................... 120 Clonology ................................................. 121 Cloning Hollywood Style ..................................... 129 The Celebrated Dolly, But Second to Computer Chips .......... 130 Clones of Clones of a Clone ................................. 134 Jerky Bulls and Yang Cows ................................... 136 Second Chance - Clone of the Oldest Bull .................... 137 Artificial Monkey Twins ..................................... 138 Clone of a Clone - More Bulls ............................... 140 Cloned Piglets .............................................. 141 Reversing Aging ............................................. 142 Other Notable Cloning Efforts ............................... 143 Jurassic Amusement Park? .................................. 144 More Calves and Piglets ................................... 146 More Endangered Species Cloned ............................ 148 Multi-Legged Bio-X .......................................... 149 Multi-Legged Bio-Reactors ................................. 149 Multi-Legged Bio-Facturers ................................ 152 Nature Versus Nano ...................................... 154 Multi-Legged Bio-Models ................................... 155 Multi-Legged Bio-Factories ................................ 156 8 Petory and Biofactory ....................................... 159 PerPETually Yours ........................................... 159 K-9 Cloning ............................................... 160 Snuppy .................................................... 162 Dupli-Cat ................................................. 164 Cc: Genetic Anomaly ..................................... 165 Commercial Grade Pet Cloning ............................ 166 Cloning Rabbitly .......................................... 168 A Stubborn Clone .......................................... 169 Cloned Equine Twin of Surrogate Mother .................... 171 Ethically Yours ............................................. 172 Odd-Inarily Yours ......................................... 173 9 Cloning Techniques .......................................... 179 Twins -Twice the Fun ........................................ 179 Nonidentical Twins - Siblings of the Same Age ............. 179 Identical Twins - Natural Clones .......................... 180 Mirror Image and Conjoined Twins ........................ 181 Interest in Twins ......................................... 183 Identical Twins are More Identical Than Clones ............ 184 En Route to Commercialization ............................... 187 Artificial Twinning Technique ............................. 188 Nuclear Transfer Technique ................................ 191 The Roslin Technique .................................... 192 The Honolulu Technique .................................. 194 The Chromatin Transfer Technique ........................ 195 Twinning Roslin in Honolulu ................................. 197 Honolulu Versus Dolly ..................................... 198 First Male Clone ............................................ 199 10 Reproductive Human Cloning ................................. 203 Super Clones? .............................................. 203 Tinkering with Conception .................................. 204 Natural Birth Versus Cloning ............................... 206 Hardware and Software of Sexual Reproduction ............. 207 Hardware and Software of Cloning ......................... 209 Physiology of Human Cloning .............................. 210 Key Human Cloning Mavericks ................................ 212 Richard Seed ............................................. 213 Claude Vorilhon and Brigitte Boisselier .................. 214 Severino Antinori ........................................ 216 Panayiotis Zavos ......................................... 217 Avi Ben-Abraham .......................................... 218 Human Embryo "Clones" ...................................... 220 Clone Abortion ........................................... 221 Why Hybrid? .............................................. 223 The "Clone" Stork - Real or Rael? .......................... 224 11 The Alchemy of Stem Cells .................................. 227 Organ Transplant ........................................... 227 Growing Human Organs? ...................................... 229 Stem Cell .................................................. 231 Derivation of Stem Cells ................................. 232 Banking Embryonic and Fetal Parts ........................ 234 Lifeline - Cord Blood .................................... 235 Multipotent Adult Stem Cells ............................. 238 Stem Cells from Fat ........................................ 242 Medical Uses of Stem Cells ................................. 246 Stem Cell Gold Mines ..................................... 247 Growing Breast from a Stem Cell .......................... 251 Regenerative Medicine ...................................... 253 Why Regenerative Medicine? ............................... 254 Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research ............. 256 Regeneration, Stem Cells and Aging ......................... 258 Master Cells and Master Genes .............................. 261 12 Stem Cell Entities ......................................... 265 Stem Cell Nations .......................................... 265 Sweden ................................................... 267 United Kingdom ........................................... 268 Australia ................................................ 269 Singapore ................................................ 271 Israel ................................................... 272 Japan .................................................... 274 India .................................................... 275 China .................................................... 276 Korea .................................................... 277 United States ............................................ 279 Case Study: Harvard Stem Cell Institute ................ 281 Case Study: California Institute of Regenerative Medicine ............................................. 282 East Versus West ......................................... 285 A Shenanigans of Scandalous Proportion ..................... 287 The Rise to International Stardom ........................ 288 The Fall from Grace ...................................... 292 The Repercussions ........................................ 301 How Did It Happen? ....................................... 303 The Way to the Top ..................................... 303 The Way to Demise ...................................... 305 The Bits and Pieces .................................... 305 The Characters: Accomplices and Foes ................... 307 Hwang Versus Raelians .................................... 311 Synopsis of the Dogged Reports ........................... 313 13 Legal and Ethical Issues ................................... 317 How? What? Why? ............................................ 317 Therapeutic and Reproductive Cloning ..................... 320 Secret Projects .......................................... 321 Stigma of Cloning ........................................ 322 Ten AD (After Dolly) ....................................... 323 Cloning as an Assisted Reproductive Technology ........... 323 All is Fine Unless You are the Clone ..................... 324 Where Science Meets the Public ............................. 326 Issues with Human Cloning .................................. 330 Cloning as Reprotech ....................................... 333 Ethical Issues with Cloning ................................ 335 My Father is My Twin ..................................... 335 Can a Clone Run for U.S. Presidency? ....................... 337 The Genie is Out of the Bottle ............................. 340 In Vitro Fertilization Debate ............................ 341 Reproductive Cloning Dé Jà Vu ............................ 342 Overcoming Legal and Ethical Impasse ....................... 343 Private Funding .......................................... 345 Model Organisms .......................................... 345 Vertebrates ............................................ 346 Invertebrates .......................................... 347 Plants ................................................. 347 Microorganisms ......................................... 347 Circumventing Ethical Impasse .............................. 348 Message in a Bottle from the Future ........................ 354 To Clone or Not to Clone? ................................ 355 Why? Why Not! .............................................. 356 Clone the Law ............................................ 357 14 At the Crossroad ........................................... 359 Relatively and Genetically Speaking ........................ 359 Divinity Versus Greed ...................................... 362 The Invisible Hand ....................................... 363 Fictitious Commodities ................................... 365 Tapping into Human Resources ............................. 366 Mendel and Darwin ........................................ 367 The Invisible Body ......................................... 369 Sexual Reproduction Versus Cloning ......................... 373 Excellent References .......................................... 377 Food for Thoughts ............................................. 379 Index ......................................................... 387