Foreword ....................................................... xi
1 Microphysics and Geometry of Clouds ........................... 1
1.1 Microphysical Characteristics of Clouds ................... 1
1.2 Geometrical Characteristics of Clouds .................... 27
2 Optics of a Single Particle .................................. 33
2.1 Vector Wave Equation ..................................... 33
2.2 Mie Theory ............................................... 37
2.3 Differential and Integral Light Scattering
Characteristics .......................................... 44
2.4 Geometrical Optics ....................................... 75
3 Radiative Transfer .......................................... 113
3.1 Radiative Transfer Equation ............................. 113
3.2 Reflection and Transmission Functions ................... 117
3.3 Polarization Characteristics ............................ 119
3.4 Optically Thin Clouds ................................... 122
3.5 Small-Angle Approximation ............................... 123
3.6 Optically Thick Clouds .................................. 126
3.7 Clouds Over Reflective Surfaces ......................... 179
3.8 Vertically Inhomogeneous Clouds ......................... 181
3.9 Horizontally Inhomogeneous Clouds ....................... 194
4 Applications ................................................ 207
4.1 Optical Phenomena in Clouds ............................. 207
4.2 Cloud Remote Sensing .................................... 223
4.3 Laser Beam Propagation Through a Cloud .................. 247
4.4 Image Transfer Through Clouds and Fogs .................. 252
4.5 Clouds and Climate ...................................... 256
Appendix A .................................................... 259
Appendix В .................................................... 263
References .................................................... 269
Index ......................................................... 277
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