Kirkwood B.R. Essential medical statistics / Kirkwood B.R., Sterne J.A.C. - 2nd ed. - Oxford: Blackwell Science, 2003. - 501 p. - ISBN 978-0-86542-871-3  Место хранения:   056 | Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины CO РАН | Новосибирск| Библиотека

Оглавление / Contents

Preface to the second edition ................................. vii Preface to the first edition ................................... ix Part A: Basics 1. Using this book ............................................. 3 2. Defining the data ........................................... 9 3. Displaying the data ........................................ 15 Part B: Analysis of numerical outcomes 4. Means, standard deviations and standard errors ............. 33 5. The normal distribution .................................... 42 6. Confidence interval for a mean ............................. 50 7. Comparison of two means: confidence intervals, hypothesis tests and P-values ......................................... 58 8. Using P-values and confidence intervals to interpret the results of statistical analyses ............................ 71 9. Comparison of means from several groups: analysis of variance ................................................... 80 10. Linear regression and correlation .......................... 87 11. Multiple regression ........................................ 98 12. Goodness of fit and regression diagnostics ................ 107 13. Transformations ........................................... 118 Part C: Analysis of binary outcomes 14. Probability, risk and odds (of disease) ................... 131 15. Proportions and the binomial distribution ................. 138 16. Comparing two proportions ................................. 148 17. Chi-squared tests for 2 x 2 and larger contingency tables .................................................... 165 18. Controlling for confounding: stratification ............... 177 19. Logistic regression: comparing two or more exposure groups .................................................... 189 20. Logistic regression: controlling for confounding and other extensions .......................................... 205 21. Matched studies ........................................... 214 Part D: Longitudinal studies: Analysis of rates and survival times 22. Longitudinal studies, rates and the Poisson distribution .............................................. 227 23. Comparing rates ........................................... 240 24. Poisson regression ........................................ 249 25. Standardization ........................................... 263 26. Survival analysis: displaying and comparing survival patterns .................................................. 272 27. Regression analysis of survival data ...................... 287 Part E: Statistical modelling 28. Likelihood ................................................ 297 29. Regression modelling ...................................... 315 30. Relaxing model assumptions ................................ 343 31. Analysis of clustered data ................................ 355 32. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis ...................... 371 33. Bayesian statistics ....................................... 388 Part F: Study design, analysis and interpretation 34. Linking analysis to study design: summary of methods ...... 395 35. Calculation of required sample size ....................... 413 36. Measurement error: assessment and implications ............ 429 37. Measures of association and impact ........................ 447 38. Strategies for analysis ................................... 458 Appendix: Statistical tables Al. Areas in tail of the standard normal distribution ......... 470 A2. Percentage points of the standard normal distribution ..... 472 A3. Percentage points of the t distribution ................... 473 A4. Two-sided P-values for the t distribution, according to the value of the test statistic ........................... 474 A5. Percentage points of the χ2 distribution .................. 476 A6. Probits ................................................... 477 A7. Critical values for the Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test ................................................. 479 A8. Critical ranges for the Wilcoxon rank sum test 480 A9. Random numbers ............................................ 482 Bibliography .................................................. 487 Index ......................................................... 493