Preface ................................................... xiii
Acknowledgments ............................................. xv
Chapter 1. Introduction ....................................... 1.1
1.1. Definitions ........................................... 1.1
1.2. Project Requirements .................................. 1.3
1.3. Preliminary Information and Planning the Work ......... 1.4
1.4. Engineering Geologist ................................. 1.5
1.5. Outline of Chapters ................................... 1.7
Part 1 Geotechnical Engineering
Chapter 2. Subsurface Exploration ............................. 2.3
2.1. Introduction .......................................... 2.3
2.2. Document Review ....................................... 2.3
2.3. Purpose of Subsurface Exploration ..................... 2.7
2.4. Borings ............................................... 2.9
2.5. Test Pits and Trenches ............................... 2.49
2.6. Preparation of Logs .................................. 2.57
2.7. Geophysical Techniques ............................... 2.55
2.8. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering .................. 2.67
2.9. Subsoil Profile ...................................... 2.65
Notation ............................................. 2.66
Problems ............................................. 2.69
Chapter 3. Laboratory Testing ................................. 3.1
3.1. Introduction .......................................... 3.1
3.2. Index Tests ........................................... 3.2
3.3. Oedometer Test ....................................... 3.16
3.4. Shear Strength of Cohesionless Soil .................. 3.19
3.5. Shear Strength of Cohesive Soil ...................... 3.29
3.6. Laboratory Compaction Tests .......................... 3.65
3.7. Permeability Tests ................................... 3.77
Notation ............................................. 3.81
Problems ............................................. 3.84
Chapter 4. Soil Mechanics ..................................... 4.1
4.1. Introduction .......................................... 4.1
4.2. Soil Classification ................................... 4.1
4.3. Phase Relationships .................................. 4.17
4.4. Effective Stress ..................................... 4.21
4.5. Stress Distribution .................................. 4.24
4.6. Total Stress and Effective Stress Analyses ........... 4.41
4.7. Permeability and Seepage ............................. 4.57
Notation ............................................. 4.72
Problems ............................................. 4.74
Part 2 Foundation Design
Chapter 5. Shallow and Deep Foundations ....................... 5.3
5.1. Introduction .......................................... 5.3
5.2. Selection of Foundation Type .......................... 5.3
5.3. Shallow Foundations ................................... 5.4
5.4. Deep Foundations ...................................... 5.6
Problems ............................................. 5.17
Chapter 6. Bearing Capacity of Foundations .................... 6.1
6.1. Introduction .......................................... 6.1
6.2. Bearing Capacity for Shallow Foundations .............. 6.5
6.3. Bearing Capacity for Deep Foundations ................ 6.16
6.4. Lateral Load Capacity of Deep Foundations ............ 6.31
6.5. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering .................. 6.41
Notation ............................................. 6.49
Problems ............................................. 6.51
Chapter 7. Settlement of Foundations .......................... 7.1
7.1. Introduction .......................................... 7.1
7.2. Collapsible Soil ...................................... 7.2
7.3. Settlement of Cohesionless Soil ....................... 7.9
7.4. Other Common Causes of Settlement .................... 7.27
7.5. Foundations on Rock .................................. 7.34
7.6. Allowable Settlement ................................. 7.40
Notation ............................................. 7.46
Problems ............................................. 7.47
Chapter 8. Consolidation ...................................... 8.1
8.1. Introduction .......................................... 8.1
8.2. Laboratory Consolidation Test ......................... 8.3
8.3. Immediate Settlement ................................. 8.11
8.4. Primary Consolidation ................................ 8.16
8.5. Rate of Primary Consolidation ........................ 8.24
8.6. Secondary Compression ................................ 8.33
8.7. Consolidation of Soil Beneath Shallow Foundations .... 8.34
8.8. Consolidation of Soil Beneath Deep Foundations ....... 8.38
8.9. Settlement of Unsaturated Cohesive Soil .............. 8.41
Notation ............................................. 8.45
Problems ............................................. 8.47
Chapter 9. Foundations on Expansive Soil ...................... 9.1
9.1. Introduction .......................................... 9.1
9.2. Expansion Potential ................................... 9.2
9.3. Basic Expansive Soil Principles ...................... 9.17
9.4. Methods Used to Predict Foundation Movement .......... 9.30
9.5. Foundation Design for Expansive Soil ................. 9.41
9.6. Flatwork ............................................. 9.47
9.7. Expansive Rock ....................................... 9.49
Notations ............................................ 9.50
Problems ............................................. 9.52
Chapter 10. Slope Stability .................................. 10.1
10.1. Introduction ......................................... 10.1
10.2. Rockfall ............................................. 10.5
10.3. Surficial Slope Stability ........................... 10.10
10.4. Gross Slope Stability ............................... 10.18
10.5. Landslides .......................................... 10.32
10.6. Debris Flow ......................................... 10.47
10.7. Slope Softening and Creep ........................... 10.50
Notations ........................................... 10.56
Problems ............................................ 10.57
Chapter 11. Retaining Walls .................................. 11.1
11.1. Introduction ......................................... 11.1
11.2. Simple Retaining Wall without Wall Friction .......... 11.3
11.3. Simple Retaining Wall with Wall Friction ............. 11.7
11.4. Design and Construction of Retaining Walls .......... 11.13
11.5. Restrained Retaining Walls .......................... 11.17
11.6. Mechanically Stabilized Earth Retaining Walls ....... 11.20
11.7. Sheet Pile Walls .................................... 11.25
11.8. Temporary Retaining Walls ........................... 11.31
11.9. Moisture Migration Through Basement Walls ........... 11.37
Notation ............................................ 11.41
Problems ............................................ 11.43
Chapter 12. Foundation Deterioration and Cracking ............ 12.1
12.1. Introduction ......................................... 12.1
12.2. Timber Decay ......................................... 12.1
12.3. Sulfate Attack of Concrete ........................... 12.3
12.4. Frost ................................................ 12.7
12.5. Historie Structures .................................. 12.8
12.6. Shrinkage Cracking .................................. 12.13
12.7. Moisture Migration Through Slab-on-Grade
Foundations ......................................... 12.18
Chapter 13. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering for Soils .... 13.1
13.1. Introduction ......................................... 13.1
13.2. Basic Earthquake Principles .......................... 13.2
13.3. Peak Ground Acceleration ............................ 13.13
13.4. Liquefaction ........................................ 13.19
13.5. Slope Stability ..................................... 13.31
Notation ............................................ 13.45
Problems ............................................ 13.46
Chapter 14. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering for
Foundations and Retaining Walls .............................. 14.1
14.1. Introduction ......................................... 14.1
14.2. Earthquake Structural Damage ......................... 14.2
14.3. Foundation Settlement ................................ 14.9
14.4. Retaining Walls ..................................... 14.20
14.5. Foundation Alternatives to Mitigate Earthquake
Effects ............................................. 14.31
Notation ............................................ 14.34
Problems ............................................ 14.35
Part 3 Foundation Construction
Chapter 15. Grading and Other Soil Improvement Methods ....... 15.3
15.1. Grading .............................................. 15.3
15.2. Compaction .......................................... 15.14
15.3. Soil Improvement Methods ............................ 15.22
Notation ............................................ 15.27
Problems ............................................ 15.27
Chapter 16. Foundation Excavation, Underpinning, and Field
Load Tests ................................................... 16.1
16.1. Introduction ......................................... 16.1
16.2. Foundation Excavation and Construction ............... 16.2
16.3. Field Load Tests .................................... 16.28
16.4. Foundation Underpinning ............................. 16.32
16.5. Observational Method ................................ 16.40
Chapter 17. Geosynthetics and Instrumentation ................ 17.1
17.1. Introduction ......................................... 17.1
17.2. Geosynthetics ........................................ 17.1
17.3. Instrumentation ...................................... 17.7
Part 4 2006 International Building Code
Chapter 18. International Building Code Regulations for
Soils ........................................................ 18.3
18.1. Introduction ......................................... 18.3
18.2. Soils Investigation .................................. 18.6
18.3. Excavation, Grading, and Fill ........................ 18.7
18.4. Allowable Load-Bearing Values of Soils ............... 18.9
18.5. Expansive Soil ...................................... 18.11
Chapter 19. International Building Code Regulations for
Foundations .................................................. 19.1
19.1. Introduction ......................................... 19.1
19.2. General Regulations for Footings and Foundations ..... 19.1
19.3. Foundations Adjacent Slopes .......................... 19.2
19.4. Retaining Walls ...................................... 19.4
19.5. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering .................. 19.4
Appendix A. Glossary .......................................... A.1
A.1. Subsurface Exploration Terminology .................... A.4
A.2. Laboratory Testing Terminology ....................... A.10
A.3. Terminology for Engineering Analysis and
Computations ......................................... A.16
A.4. Compaction, Grading, and Construction Terminolgy ..... A.21
A.5. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Terminolgy ....... A.28
Bibliography ......................................... A.34
Appendix B. Example of a Foundation Engineering Report ........ B.1
B.1. Introduction .......................................... B.1
B.2. Site Observation ...................................... B.1
B.3. Geology ............................................... B.4
B.4. Site Investigation .................................... B.6
B.5. Conclusions ........................................... B.6
B.6. Foundation Recomendations ............................. B.6
B.7. Other Considerations .................................. B.8
B.8. Closure ............................................... B.8
Appendix C. Solutions to Problems ............................. C.1
Appendix D. Conversion Factors ................................ D.1
Appendix E. Bibliography ...................................... E.1
Index ...................................................... I.1
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