Preface to the third edition of Volume ....................... xiii
Preface to the second edition of Volume 2 .................... xvii
Preface to the first edition of Volume 2 ...................... xxi
CHAPTER 1. ELECTROSTATICS: CHARGES AND FIELDS ................... 1
1.1 Electric charge ............................................ 1
1.2 Conservation of charge ..................................... 4
1.3 Quantization of charge ..................................... 5
1.4 Coulomb's law .............................................. 7
1.5 Energy of a system of charges ............................. 11
1.6 Electrical energy in a crystal lattice .................... 14
1.7 The electric field ........................................ 16
1.8 Charge distributions ...................................... 20
1.9 Flux ...................................................... 22
1.10 Gauss's law ............................................... 23
1.11 Field of a spherical charge distribution .................. 26
1.12 Field of a line charge .................................... 28
1.13 Field of an infinite flat sheet of charge ................. 29
1.14 The force on a layer of charge ............................ 30
1.15 Energy associated with the electric field ................. 33
1.16 Applications .............................................. 35
Chapter summary ................................................ 38
Problems ....................................................... 39
Exercises ...................................................... 47
CHAPTER 2. THE ELECTRIC POTENTIAL .............................. 58
2.1 Line integral of the electric field ....................... 59
2.2 Potential difference and the potential function ........... 61
2.3 Gradient of a scalar function ............................. 63
2.4 Derivation of the field from the potential ................ 65
2.5 Potential of a charge distribution ........................ 65
2.6 Uniformly charged disk .................................... 68
2.7 Dipoles ................................................... 73
2.8 Divergence of a vector function ........................... 78
2.9 Gauss's theorem and the differential form of Gauss's law .. 79
2.10 The divergence in Cartesian coordinates ................... 81
2.11 The Laplacian ............................................. 85
2.12 Laplace's equation ........................................ 86
2.13 Distinguishing the physics from the mathematics ........... 88
2.14 The curl of a vector function ............................. 90
2.15 Stokes' theorem ........................................... 92
2.16 The curl in Cartesian coordinates ......................... 93
2.17 The physical meaning of the curl .......................... 95
2.18 Applications ............................................. 100
Chapter summary ............................................... 103
Problems ...................................................... 105
Exercises ..................................................... 112
CHAPTER 3. ELECTRIC FIELDS AROUND CONDUCTORS .................. 124
3.1 Conductors and insulators ................................ 125
3.2 Conductors in the electrostatic field .................... 126
3.3 The general electrostatic problem and the uniqueness
theorem .................................................. 132
3.4 Image charges ............................................ 136
3.5 Capacitance and capacitors ............................... 141
3.6 Potentials and charges on several conductors ............. 147
3.7 Energy stored in a capacitor ............................. 149
3.8 Other views of the boundary-value problem ................ 151
3.9 Applications ............................................. 153
Chapter summary ............................................... 155
Problems ...................................................... 155
Exercises ..................................................... 163
CHAPTER 4. ELECTRIC CURRENTS .................................. 177
4.1 Electric current and current density ..................... 177
4.2 Steady currents and charge conservation .................. 180
4.3 Electrical conductivity and Ohm's law .................... 181
4.4 The physics of electrical conduction ..................... 189
4.5 Conduction in metals ..................................... 198
4.6 Semiconductors ........................................... 200
4.7 Circuits and circuit elements ............................ 204
4.8 Energy dissipation in current flow ....................... 207
4.9 Electromotive force and the voltaic cell ................. 209
4.10 Networks with voltage sources ........................... 212
4.11 Variable currents in capacitors and resistors ........... 215
4.12 Applications ............................................ 217
Chapter summary ............................................... 221
Problems ...................................................... 222
Exercises ..................................................... 226
CHAPTER 5. THE FIELDS OF MOVING CHARGES ....................... 235
5.1 From Oersted to Einstein ................................. 236
5.2 Magnetic forces .......................................... 237
5.3 Measurement of charge in motion .......................... 239
5.4 Invariance of charge ..................................... 241
5.5 Electric field measured in different frames of
reference ................................................ 243
5.6 Field of a point charge moving with constant velocity .... 247
5.7 Field of a charge that starts or stops ................... 251
5.8 Force on a moving charge ................................. 255
5.9 Interaction between a moving charge and other moving
charges .................................................. 259
Chapter summary ............................................... 267
Problems ...................................................... 268
Exercises ..................................................... 270
CHAPTER 6. THE MAGNETIC FIELD ................................. 277
6.1 Definition of the magnetic field ......................... 278
6.2 Some properties of the magnetic field .................... 286
6.3 Vector potential ......................................... 293
6.4 Field of any current-carrying wire ....................... 296
6.5 Fields of rings and coils ................................ 299
6.6 Change in В at a current sheet ........................... 303
6.7 How the fields transform ................................. 306
6.8 Rowland's experiment ..................................... 314
6.9 Electrical conduction in a magnetic field: the Hall
effect ................................................... 314
6.10 Applications ............................................. 317
Chapter summary ............................................... 322
Problems ...................................................... 323
Exercises ..................................................... 331
CHAPTER 7. ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION .......................... 342
7.1 Faraday's discovery ...................................... 343
7.2 Conducting rod moving through a uniform magnetic field ... 345
7.3 Loop moving through a nonuniform magnetic field .......... 346
7.4 Stationary loop with the field source moving ............. 352
7.5 Universal law of induction ............................... 355
7.6 Mutual inductance ........................................ 359
7.7 A reciprocity theorem .................................... 362
7.8 Self-inductance .......................................... 364
7.9 Circuit containing self-inductance ....................... 366
7.10 Energy stored in the magnetic field ...................... 368
7.11 Applications ............................................. 369
Chapter summary ............................................... 373
Problems ...................................................... 374
Exercises ..................................................... 380
CHAPTER 8. ALTERNATING-CURRENT CIRCUITS ....................... 388
8.1 A resonant circuit ....................................... 388
8.2 Alternating current ...................................... 394
8.3 Complex exponential solutions ............................ 402
8.4 Alternating-current networks ............................. 405
8.5 Admittance and impedance ................................. 408
8.6 Power and energy in alternating-current circuits ......... 415
8.7 Applications ............................................. 418
Chapter summary ............................................... 420
Problems ...................................................... 421
Exercises ..................................................... 424
CHAPTER 9. MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS AND ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES ...... 430
9.1 "Something is missing" ................................... 430
9.2 The displacement current ................................. 433
9.3 Maxwell's equations ...................................... 436
9.4 An electromagnetic wave .................................. 438
9.5 Other waveforms; superposition of waves .................. 441
9.6 Energy transport by electromagnetic waves ................ 446
9.7 How a wave looks in a different frame .................... 452
9.8 Applications ............................................. 454
Chapter summary ............................................... 455
Problems ...................................................... 457
Exercises ..................................................... 461
CHAPTER 10. ELECTRIC FIELDS IN MATTER ......................... 466
10.1 Dielectrics .............................................. 467
10.2 The moments of a charge distribution ..................... 471
10.3 The potential and field of a dipole ...................... 474
10.4 The torque and the force on a dipole in an external
field .................................................... 477
10.5 Atomic and molecular dipoles; induced dipole moments ..... 479
10.6 Permanent dipole moments ................................. 482
10.7 The electric field caused by polarized matter ............ 483
10.8 Another look at the capacitor ............................ 489
10.9 The field of a polarized sphere .......................... 492
10.10 A dielectric sphere in a uniform field .................. 495
10.11 The field of a charge in a dielectric medium, and
Gauss's law ............................................. 497
10.12 A microscopic view of the dielectric .................... 500
10.13 Polarization in changing fields ......................... 504
10.14 The bound-charge current ................................ 505
10.15 An electromagnetic wave in a dielectric ................. 507
10.16 Applications ............................................ 509
Chapter summary ............................................... 511
Problems ...................................................... 513
Exercises ..................................................... 516
CHAPTER 11. MAGNETIC FIELDS IN MATTER ......................... 523
11.1 How various substances respond to a magnetic field ....... 524
11.2 The absence of magnetic "charge" ......................... 529
11.3 The field of a current loop .............................. 531
11.4 The force on a dipole in an external field ............... 535
11.5 Electric currents in atoms ............................... 540
11.6 Electron spin and magnetic moment ........................ 546
11.7 Magnetic susceptibility .................................. 549
11.8 The magnetic field caused by magnetized matter ........... 551
11.9 The field of a permanent magnet .......................... 557
11.10 Free currents, and the field H .......................... 559
11.11 Ferromagnetism .......................................... 565
11.12 Applications ............................................ 570
Chapter summary ............................................... 573
Problems ...................................................... 575
Exercises ..................................................... 577
CHAPTER 12. SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEMS ......................... 586
12.1 Chapter 1 ................................................ 586
12.2 Chapter 2 ................................................ 611
12.3 Chapter 3 ................................................ 636
12.4 Chapter 4 ................................................ 660
12.5 Chapter 5 ................................................ 678
12.6 Chapter 6 ................................................ 684
12.7 Chapter 7 ................................................ 707
12.8 Chapter 8 ................................................ 722
12.9 Chapter 9 ................................................ 734
12.10 Chapter 10 .............................................. 744
12.11 Chapter 11 .............................................. 755
Appendix A: Differences between SI and Gaussian units ......... 762
Appendix B: SI units of common quantities ..................... 769
Appendix C: Unit conversions .................................. 774
Appendix D: SI and Gaussian formulas .......................... 778
Appendix E: Exact relations among SI and Gaussian units ....... 789
Appendix F: Curvilinear coordinates ........................... 791
Appendix G: A short review of special relativity .............. 804
Appendix H: Radiation by an accelerated charge ................ 812
Appendix I: Superconductivity ................................. 817
Appendix J: Magnetic resonance ................................ 821
Appendix K: Helpful formulas/facts ............................ 825
References .................................................... 831
Index ......................................................... 833
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