PREFACE I (To the Fourth Edition) ............................... 1
PREFACE II (To the Third Edition) ............................... 5
PREFACE III (To the Second Edition) ............................. 9
PREFACE IV (To the First Edition) .............................. 13
CHAPTER ONE. INTRODUCTION TO ARCHAEOASTRONOMY
I The Theoretical Quality of Archaeoastronomy ................. 1
i Definitions ............................................. 2
ii The Prehistoric and Historical Archaeoastronomy ......... 3
iii Theories ................................................ 3
iv Methods ................................................. 4
v Objectives .............................................. 5
vi The Major Problems for Chinese Archaeoastronomy ......... 6
II The Foundation and Development of Archaeoastronomy .......... 7
CHAPTER TWO. ASTRONOMY AND CULTURE IN ANCIENT TIMES
I The Legendary Times of Chinese Astronomy ................... 18
i Study of the Historical Genesis Part of the Chu Silk
of the Warring States Period 18 Decipherment
Commentary and Research ................................ 20
ii The Early Thoughts of the Genesis of History ........... 44
II Study of the History of Magician in Ancient Times .......... 72
i Magicians and Magics ................................... 72
ii Magicians and Kings in the Yin and the Zhou Periods .... 79
III Astrology .................................................. 98
i The Origin of Astrology ................................ 99
ii The Origin and Development of the System of the Fen
Ye .................................................... 107
CHAPTER THREE. ANCIENT OBSERVATIONS OF CELESTIAL PHENOMENA FOR
TIME SERVICE
I The Discussion about the Two Basic Ideas of Observing
Stars ..................................................... 114
i Celestial Co-ordinates ................................ 114
ii Precession ............................................ 120
II The Pole and the Pole-stars in the Neolithic Age .......... 125
i A Method of Organizing Calendar through Observing
the Big Dipper ........................................ 125
ii The Origin of the Pole and the Pole-stars ............. 128
iii The Early Sites of the Big Dipper ..................... 138
iv An Astronomical Study of the Motif of Boar Inscribed
or Painted on the Ritual Vessels in the Neolithic
Age ................................................... 147
v The Tai Yi and the Celestial Theocrat Jun ............. 168
III Study of the Origin of the Calendar ....................... 177
i The Observation of the Antares in the Pre-Qin Period .. 178
ii The Adoration of the Sun and the Original Calendars ... 197
iii On the Images of the Standing Bird of the Liangzhu
Culture ............................................... 204
iv Equinoxes, Solstices, and the Four Magicians .......... 210
v An Archaeological Study of the System of the
Calendarin Yao Dian ................................... 219
vi Study of the Four Directions and Winds from Records
in Yin Oracle Bone Inscriptions ....................... 228
The Four Winds and the Eight Winds ................. 232
Decipherment of the Names of the Four Directions
and Winds of the Oracle Bone Inscriptions .......... 240
Equinoxes, Solstices, and the Four Seasons ......... 255
CHAPTER FOUR. ANCIENT ASTRONOMICAL INSTRUMENTS
I The Methods Determining the Equinoxes and Solstices ....... 262
i The Most Archaic of the Ancient Observational
Technology of the Reed Stem Endodermis Flying up
from the Bone Pitch-pipes ............................. 263
ii An Astronomical Use of the Bone Pitch-pipes in the
Neolithic Age ......................................... 265
II The Gnomonic Methods ...................................... 271
III On the Gnomons in the Qin or the Han Period ............... 277
i Differentiation of the Directions ..................... 278
ii The Usage of the Gnomon ............................... 280
IV The Origin and Development of the Clepsydras .............. 293
CHAPTER FIVE. RECORDS OF CELESTIAL PHENOMENA
I. On the Lunar Eclipses in the Yin Dynasty ................... 298
i Study of the Oracle Bone Inscriptions Recording in
the Five Eclipses ..................................... 298
The Yi You Eclipse ................................. 298
The Geng Shen Eclipse .............................. 300
The Jia Wu Eclipse ................................. 305
The Ren Shen Eclipse ............................... 308
The Gui Wei Eclipse ................................ 308
ii Study of the Visible Dates of the Five Eclipses
during the King Wu Ding Period ........................ 309
II On the Solar Eclipse in the Yin Dynasty ................... 315
i Decipherment of the Character "Shi" and the Word
"Riyoushi" ............................................ 318
ii Study of the Visible Date of the Yi Si Eclipse ........ 322
III Prominence,Corona,and Sun-spots ........................... 340
IV Observation of Comets ..................................... 344
CHAPTER SIX. STUDY OF THE ORIGIN OF THE CONSTELLATIONS
I Stars and Constellation Diagrams .......................... 349
II On the Origin of the System of the Lunar Mansions ......... 353
i The Basic Notions of the System of the Lunar
Mansions .............................................. 354
ii The Established Date of the System of the Lunar
Mansions .............................................. 357
iii The Original Place of the System of the Lunar
Mansions .............................................. 363
III The Early Chinese Astronomical System ..................... 372
IV An Astronomical Study of the Sites Including Tomb No. 45
at Xishuipo in Puyang, Henan .............................. 376
i Study of the Constellation Map ........................ 378
ii Restoration of the Map of the Theory of Canopy-
Heavens ............................................... 390
iii The Three Children Buried with the Dead and "Three
Magicians" ............................................ 402
iv A Ritual of the Ascendance of the Tomb Occupant's
Soul to the Heavenly Sphere ........................... 407
V On the Origin of the System of the Four Symbolic Animals
of the Celestial Palaces .................................. 411
i The Blue Dragon of the East Palace .................... 413
The Original Idea of the Oft-repeated Art Motif
of the Dragons and the Pearl ....................... 413
The Origin of the System of the Constellations of
the Dragon ......................................... 416
ii The White Tiger of the West Palace .................... 425
iii The Vermilion Bird of the South Palace ................ 427
iv The Black Wu(Tortoise and Snake) of the North Palace .. 430
The Origin of the Deer as the Symbol of the North
Palace ............................................. 430
Tortoise and Snake ................................. 435
VI The Origin and Development of the Star Maps ............... 437
i Planispheres .......................................... 438
ii Mercator's Projections ................................ 449
iii The Celestial Maps Painting both the Lunar Mansions
and the Zodiacal Signs ................................ 456
CHAPTER SEVEN. ANCIENT COSMOLOGICAL IDEAS
I The Theory of Canopy-Heavens .............................. 463
II An Astronomical Study of the Stone Altar of Three
Circular Terraces of the Hongshan Culture ................. 467
i The Map of Three Circular Paths and the "Zhou Bi" ..... 467
ii The Circular Altar and the Square Altar ............... 479
CHAPTER EIGHT. ON THE KNOWLEDGE OF HEAVENS AND NUMBERS
I The Original Idea of "the Map of Tai Ji" .................. 489
II The Original Idea of "the Picture of Luo" ................. 503
i Octangoral Design of the Prehistory and Ancient
Thoughts of Heavens and Numbers ....................... 507
ii On the Origin of Ancient Chinese Divinatory
Instrument Shi Pan .................................... 523
III Study of the Oracle Turtle Shell of the Yi Gua at Yinxu ... 536
i Decipherment of the Inscriptions of the Oracle
Turtle Shell of the Yi Gua ............................ 536
ii The Development of the Trigrams ....................... 540
iii The Oracle Turtle Shell and the Shi Pan ............... 542
iv The Oracle Turtle Shell and the Story of the Yin
King Yi Married His Daughter .......................... 544
Abbreviations ................................................. 560
Postscript (To the Third Edition) ............................. 564
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