 | He H. Waveform design for active sensing systems: a computational approach / H.He, J.Li, P.Stoica. - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. - ix, 312 p.: ill. – Ref.: p.301-309. – Ind.: p.311-312.
– ISBN 378-1-107-01969-0
Шифр: (И/З 81-Н43) 02
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Preface ....................................................... xi
Notation .................................................... xiii
Abbreviations ................................................ xiv
1 Introduction ................................................ 1
1.1 Signal model ........................................... 2
1.2 Design metrics ......................................... 4
1.3 Review of existing waveforms ........................... 6
Part I. Aperiodic correlation synthesis ....................... 15
2 Single aperiodic sequence design ........................... 17
2.1 Cyclic algorithm-new (CAN) ............................ 18
2.2 Weighted cyclic algorithm-new (WeCAN) ................. 21
2.3 Numerical examples .................................... 25
2.3.1 Integrated sidelobe level (ISL) design ......... 25
2.3.2 Weighted integrated sidelobe level (WISL)
design ......................................... 25
2.3.3 Channel estimation in communications ........... 30
2.3.4 Quantization effects ........................... 31
2.4 Conclusions ........................................... 34
Appendix 2A Connections with a phase-retrieval algorithm ... 35
3 Aperiodic sequence set design .............................. 39
3.1 The Multi-CAN algorithm ............................... 40
3.2 The Multi-WeCAN algorithm ............................. 43
3.3 The Multi-CA-original (Multi-CAO) algorithm ........... 46
3.4 Numerical examples .................................... 48
3.4.1 Multi-CAN ...................................... 48
3.4.2 Multi-WeCAN .................................... 53
3.4.3 Multi-WeCAN continued .......................... 55
3.4.4 Quantization effects ........................... 57
3.4.5 Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging ......... 57
3.5 Conclusions ........................................... 65
Appendix ЗА Proof of Equation (3.28) ....................... 65
Appendix 3B Proof of Equation (3.47) ....................... 66
4 Lower bounds for aperiodic sequences ....................... 67
4.1 Bound derivation ...................................... 67
4.2 Approaching the bound ................................. 69
4.3 Conclusions ........................................... 73
5 Stopband constraint case ................................... 74
5.1 Stopband CAN (SCAN) ................................... 75
5.2 Weighted SCAN (WeSCAN) ................................ 77
5.3 Numerical examples .................................... 80
5.3.1 SCAN ........................................... 80
5.3.2 WeSCAN ......................................... 82
5.3.3 Relaxed amplitude constraint ................... 82
5.3.4 Using a different frequency formulation ........ 87
5.4 Conclusions ........................................... 87
6 Ambiguity function (AF) .................................... 88
6.1 AF properties ......................................... 88
6.2 Discrete-AF ........................................... 97
6.3 Minimizing the discrete-AF sidelobes .................. 99
6.4 Conclusions .......................................... 101
Appendix 6A Wideband ambiguity function ................... 102
7 Cross ambiguity function (CAF) ............................ 106
7.1 Discrete-CAF synthesis ............................... 106
7.1.1 The proposed algorithm ........................ 107
7.1.2 Numerical examples ............................ 109
7.2 CAF synthesis ........................................ 115
7.2.1 The proposed algorithm ........................ 116
7.2.2 Numerical examples ............................ 118
7.3 Conclusions .......................................... 121
Appendix 7A Constant volume property of discrete-CAF ...... 121
8 Joint design of transmit sequence and receive filter ...... 123
8.1 Data model and problem formulation ................... 124
8.2 A gradient approach .................................. 126
8.3 A frequency-domain approach .......................... 128
8.4 Specialization for matched filtering ................. 134
8.5 Numerical examples ................................... 136
8.5.1 Spot jamming .................................. 137
8.5.2 Barrage jamming ............................... 140
8.5.3 Robust design ................................. 142
8.6 Conclusions .......................................... 142
Appendix 8A Proof of Equation (8.25) ...................... 145
Appendix 8B Lagrange approach ............................. 146
Part II Periodic correlation synthesis ....................... 147
9 Single periodic sequence design ........................... 149
9.1 Design criteria ...................................... 150
9.2 The periodic CAN (PeCAN) algorithm ................... 153
9.3 Numerical examples ................................... 154
9.4 Conclusions .......................................... 155
Appendix 9A Proof of Equation (9.9) ....................... 155
10 Periodic sequence set design .............................. 158
10.1 The Multi-PeCAO algorithm ............................ 159
10.2 The Multi-PeCAN algorithm ............................ 161
10.3 Numerical examples ................................... 163
10.3.1 Multi-PeCAO ................................... 163
10.3.2 Multi-PeCAN ................................... 165
10.4 Conclusions .......................................... 167
11 Lower bounds for periodic sequences ....................... 168
11.1 Bound derivation ..................................... 168
11.2 Optimal  sequence sets ............................ 171
11.3 Numerical examples ................................... 173
11.4 Conclusions .......................................... 174
12 Periodic ambiguity function (PAF) ......................... 175
12.1 PAF properties ....................................... 176
12.2 Discrete-PAF ......................................... 177
12.3 Minimizing the discrete-PAF sidelobes ................ 182
12.4 Conclusions .......................................... 184
Part III Transmit beampattern synthesis ...................... 185
13 Narrowband beampattern to covariance matrix ............... 187
13.1 Problem formulation .................................. 188
13.2 Optimal designs ...................................... 190
13.2.1 Maximum power design for unknown target
locations ..................................... 190
13.2.2 Maximum power design for known target
locations ..................................... 191
13.2.3 Beampattern matching design ................... 193
13.2.4 Minimum sidelobe beampattern design ........... 196
13.2.5 Phased-array beampattern design ............... 197
13.3 Numerical examples ................................... 197
13.3.1 Beampattern matching design ................... 198
13.3.2 Minimum sidelobe beampattern design ........... 205
13.4 Conclusions .......................................... 211
Appendix 13A Covariance matrix rank ....................... 211
14 Covariance matrix to waveform ............................. 213
14.1 Problem formulation .................................. 213
14.2 Cyclic algorithm for signal synthesis ................ 215
14.3 Numerical examples ................................... 216
14.4 Conclusions .......................................... 219
15 Wideband transmit beampattern synthesis ................... 222
15.1 Problem formulation .................................. 222
15.2 The proposed design methodology ...................... 225
15.2.1 Beampattern to spectrum ....................... 226
15.2.2 Spectrum to waveform .......................... 227
15.3 Numerical examples ................................... 229
15.3.1 The idealized time-delayed case ............... 229
15.3.2 A narrow mainbeam ............................. 230
15.3.3 Two mainbeams ................................. 233
15.3.4 A wide mainbeam ............................... 233
15.4 Conclusions .......................................... 242
Appendix 15A Narrowband transmit beampattern .............. 242
Appendix 15B Receive beampattern .......................... 243
Part IV. Diverse application examples ........................ 245
16 Radar range and range-Doppler imaging ..................... 247
16.1 Problem formulation .................................. 247
16.2 Receiver design ...................................... 249
16.2.1 Matched filter ................................ 249
16.2.2 Instrumental variable (IV) receive filter ..... 250
16.3 Iterative adaptive approach (IAA) .................... 251
16.4 Numerical examples ................................... 252
16.4.1 Negligible Doppler example .................... 252
16.4.2 Non-negligible Doppler example ................ 255
16.5 Conclusions .......................................... 255
17 Ultrasound system for hyperthermia treatment of breast
cancer .................................................... 259
17.1 Waveform diversity based ultrasound hyperthermia ..... 260
17.2 Numerical results .................................... 262
17.3 Conclusions .......................................... 266
18 Covert underwater acoustic communications - coherent
scheme .................................................... 267
18.1 Problem formulation .................................. 268
18.2 Spreading waveform synthesis ......................... 269
18.3 Numerical examples ................................... 273
18.4 Conclusions .......................................... 279
19 Covert underwater acoustic communications - noncoherent
scheme .................................................... 280
19.1 RAKE energy-based detection of orthogonal signals .... 280
19.2 RAKE demodulator for DPSK signals .................... 283
19.3 The impact of P and R on performance and an
enhanced RAKE scheme ................................. 287
19.3.1 Impact of P and R on the BER performance ...... 287
19.3.2 RAKE reception based on the principal
arrival ....................................... 288
19.4 Numerical examples ................................... 290
19.4.1 Binary orthogonal modulation .................. 290
19.4.2 DPSK modulation ............................... 296
19.5 Conclusions .......................................... 300
References ................................................... 301
Index ........................................................ 311
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