Foreword ...................................................... iii
Abstract ........................................................ v
Kurzfassung ................................................... vii
Contents ....................................................... xi
List of Figures ................................................ xv
List of Tables .............................................. xviii
List of Symbols ............................................... xix
1 Motivation ................................................. 1
2 Objectives of the dissertation ............................. 9
3 Approach and structure of the thesis ...................... 11
3.1 Construction of a conceptual basis ........................ 12
3.2 Development of the methodological framework ............... 12
3.3 Technical aspects ......................................... 13
3.4 Proof-of-concept .......................................... 13
4 Hydromorphology in the current state of the art ........... 15
4.1 Areas for potential development ........................... 15
4.2 Addressing the gap between biology and hydromorphology .... 16
4.2.1 Hydromorphology in the context of the WFD .......... 16
4.2.2 Hydromorphological quality in the context of the
WFD ................................................ 17
4.2.3 The need for biological criteria in
hydromorphological analysis ........................ 19
4.2.4 Changes in the scientific view of rivers ........... 22
4.3 Hydromorphology-macrozoobenthos relations ................. 22
4.3.1 Water quality ...................................... 23
4.3.2 Biotic interactions ................................ 23
4.3.3 Food sources ....................................... 24
4.3.4 Colonization and spatial processes ................. 26
4.3.5 Physical habitat ................................... 27
5 Conceptual basis .......................................... 29
5.1 Potential vs. actual biological effects ................... 29
5.2 Scale and macrozoobenthos habitat in streams .............. 32
5.3 Temporal variability and disturbance ...................... 34
5.4 The physical habitat template and patch dynamics in
streams ................................................... 35
5.5 Taxon-habitat relationships ............................... 39
5.6 Taxon-specific and integrative approaches ................. 41
6 Development of the methodological framework ............... 45
6.1 Element 1: The 'hydromorphological template' as the
distribution of aquatic habitable space ................... 46
6.2 Element 2: Scales and variables for describing the
hydromorphological template ............................... 48
6.2.1 Selecting analysis scales for the
hydromorphological template ........................ 48
6.2.2 Are high-resolution 3D models necessary? ........... 50
6.2.3 Habitable space patches ............................ 51
6.2.4 Analysis variables: patch dynamics indicators ...... 52
6.2.4.1 Patch area and area-duration curves ............ 53
6.2.4.2 Reach-scale habitable space losses - |Δ ........ 55
6.2.4.3 Point-based reach-scale habitable space
availability - hsAv ............................ 56
6.2.4.4 Patch duration ................................. 58
6.2.4.5 Patch juxtaposition ............................ 60
6.3 Element 3: Measuring the limiting role of
hydromorphology ........................................... 63
7 Technical aspects ......................................... 65
7.1 General description of the approach ....................... 65
7.2 Hydraulic simulation ...................................... 65
7.2.1 Model extent and resolution ........................ 66
7.2.1.1 Proposed resolution and extent in this
approach ....................................... 67
7.2.2 Limitations in process representation .............. 67
7.3 Substrate map ............................................. 69
7.4 Habitat suitability assignment ............................ 71
7.5 Patch building ............................................ 71
7.6 Patch tracking algorithm .................................. 72
7.7 Calculation of patch dynamics indicators .................. 74
8 Proof of concept .......................................... 75
8.1 Introduction .............................................. 75
8.2 Methodology ............................................... 76
8.2.1 Available data and study area ...................... 76
8.2.2 Analysis design and research hypothesis ............ 78
8.2.3 Classification of species sensitivity .............. 80
8.2.4 Hydrodynamic numerical modeling of the sampling
reaches ............................................ 82
8.2.4.1 Model geometry ................................. 83
8.2.4.2 Boundary conditions and bottom roughness ....... 83
8.2.4.3 Hydrodynamic numerical code .................... 85
8.2.4.4 LISFLOOD-ACC ................................... 87
8.2.4.5 Model calibration .............................. 89
8.2.5 Designating habitable space ........................ 93
8.2.6 Computation of habitat dynamics indicators using
punctual substrate data - hsAv ..................... 94
8.3 Results ................................................... 96
8.3.1 Dynamics of aquatic habitable space in trained
and restored reaches ............................... 96
8.3.2 Relationship between habitable space dynamics and
macrozoobenthos community .......................... 97
8.4 Discussion ............................................... 100
9 Concluding remarks ....................................... 105
10 Outlook .................................................. 107
11 R scripts ................................................ 109
12 References ............................................... 127
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