1 INTRODUCTION ............................................... 1
1.1 Problem background ......................................... 1
1.1.1 Response field "Novel policy options in
agricultural systems" ............................... 3
1.1.2 Response field "Communication strategies" ........... 5
1.2 Research objectives of this thesis ......................... 6
1.3 Methodological background .................................. 6
1.3.1 Land use modeling ................................... 6
1.3.2 Tools for environmental education ................... 9
1.4 Chapter overview .......................................... 10
1 PROMOTING SHORT ROTATION COPPICES IN THE EU ............... 13
2 THE EXPANSION OF SHORT ROTATION COPPICES:
CHARACTERIZATION OF DETERMINANTS WITH AN AGENT-BASED
LAND USE MODEL ............................................ 15
2.1 Abstract .................................................. 16
2.2 Introduction .............................................. 16
2.3 Material and Methods ...................................... 19
2.3.1 General conception ................................. 19
2.3.2 Initialization of landscape ........................ 21
2.3.3 Model processes .................................... 22
2.3.4 Evaluation criteria and simulation experiments ..... 25
2.4 Results ................................................... 27
2.4.1 A new land use option enters the market ............ 27
2.4.2 Influence of general economic determinants ......... 28
2.4.3 Influence of site-dependent determinants ........... 29
2.5 Discussion ................................................ 33
2.5.1 Determinants of SRC expansion ...................... 33
2.5.2 Advantages of the applied methodology .............. 36
2.5.3 Outlook ............................................ 37
3 ASSESSING REGIONAL-SCALE IMPACTS OF SHORT ROTATION
COPPICES ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES BY MODELING LAND USE
DECISIONS ................................................. 39
3.1 Abstract .................................................. 40
3.2 Introduction .............................................. 40
3.3 Methods and Materials ..................................... 42
3.3.1 Study site ......................................... 42
3.3.2 Economic simulation model .......................... 44
3.3.3 Scenarios for SRC development ...................... 45
3.3.4 Ecosystem services and biodiversity ................ 46
3.4 Results ................................................... 49
3.4.1 SRC distribution and associated ecosystem services
impacts under economic and policy-driven
scenarios .......................................... 49
3.5 SRC impacts on regulating ESS bundles ..................... 51
3.6 Discussion ................................................ 55
3.6.1 Ecosystem services and biodiversity under
economic and policy-driven scenarios ............... 55
3.6.2 Methodological reflections and transferability of
methods and results ................................ 57
3.7 Conclusion ................................................ 59
II SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING PROGRAMS IN PASTORAL SYSTEMS ........ 61
4 GOVERNMENTAL RESPONSE TO CLIMATE RISK: MODEL-BASED
ASSESSMENT OF LIVESTOCK SUPPLEMENTATION IN DRYLANDS ....... 63
4.1 Abstract .................................................. 64
4.2 Introduction .............................................. 64
4.3 Methods ................................................... 67
4.3.1 The model .......................................... 67
4.3.2 Evaluation techniques .............................. 69
4.4 Results ................................................... 70
4.4.1 Comparison of supplementary feeding strategies ..... 70
4.4.2 Role of the design of supplementary feeding
strategies ......................................... 72
4.4.3 Robustness of evaluation of supplementary feeding
strategies ......................................... 76
4.5 Discussion ................................................ 78
4.5.1 Key factors determining the benefits and threats
of supplementary feeding ........................... 79
4.5.2 The management of individual income risks and
societal costs ..................................... 81
4.5.3 Future research tasks .............................. 82
4.6 Conclusion ................................................ 84
III ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION ................. 85
5 DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND TEST OF A SERIOUS ONLINE GAME
FOR EXPLORING COMPLEX RELATIONSHIPS OF SUSTAINABLE LAND
MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN WELL-BEING ........................... 87
5.1 Abstract .................................................. 88
5.2 Introduction .............................................. 88
5.3 Concepts of serious games in environmental education ...... 89
5.4 Model concept and implementation .......................... 90
5.4.1 Overview ........................................... 90
5.4.2 Purpose and basic principle of the model ........... 91
5.4.3 Model and game elements ............................ 91
5.4.4 Land use change and system dynamics ................ 93
5.4.5 IT design of LandYOUs based on GISCAME framework ... 94
5.4.6 Design of the graphical user interface ............. 96
5.5 Application and results ................................... 98
5.5.1 How to play? ....................................... 98
5.5.2 Survey feedback .................................... 99
5.6 Discussion ............................................... 101
5.6.1 LandYOUs as a base for educational purposes ....... 101
5.6.2 Further developments .............................. 102
5.7 Conclusions and perspectives ........................ 103
IV CONCLUSION ................................................ 105
6 DISCUSSION, SYNTHESIS AND OUTLOOK ........................ 107
6.1 Summary of main results .................................. 107
6.1.1 Promoting SRCs for a sustainable bioeconomy ....... 107
6.1.2 Governmental supplementary feeding programs in
drylands .......................................... 110
6.1.3 Bridging the gap between land use modeling and
environmental education ........................... 112
6.2 Reflections on methodological approaches ................. 114
6.2.1 Value of stylized land use models at the
individual scale .................................. 114
6.2.2 Transferring model results between regions ........ 115
6.2.3 Insights from applying the stylized model to
a case study ...................................... 117
6.3 Future perspectives and conclusion ....................... 118
Appendices .................................................... 121
A APPENDIX OF CHAPTER 2 ...................................... 121
В APPENDIX 1 OF CHAPTER 3 .................................... 123
С APPENDIX 2 OF CHAPTER 3 .................................... 133
D APPENDIX 3 OF CHAPTER 3 .................................... 137
E APPENDIX OF CHAPTER 4 ...................................... 153
F APPENDIX 1 OF CHAPTER 5 .................................... 165
G APPENDIX 2 OF CHAPTER 5 .................................... 189
H APPENDIX 3 OF CHAPTER 5 .................................... 193
List of Figures ............................................... 195
List of Tables ................................................ 196
Bibliography .................................................. 228
Acknowledgements .............................................. 228
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