Chapter 1 Speaking Truth to Power: Uncovering Flawed Methods,
Protecting Lives and Welfare ......................... 1
PART I CONCEPTUAL AND LOGICAL ANALYSIS
Chapter 2 Discovering Dump Dangers: Unearthing Hazards in
Hydrogeology ........................................ 17
Chapter 3 Hormesis Harms: The Emperor Has No Biochemistry
Clothes ............................................. 29
Chapter 4 Trading Lives for Money: Compensating Wage
Differentials in Economics .......................... 44
PART II HEURISTIC ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPING HYPOTHESES
Chapter 5 Learning from Analogy: Extrapolating from Animal
Data in Toxicology .................................. 57
Chapter 6 Conjectures and Conflict: A Thought Experiment in
Physics ............................................. 69
Chapter 7 Being a Disease Detective: Discovering Causes in
Epidemiology ........................................ 88
Chapter 8 Why Statistics Is Slippery: Easy Algorithms Fail in
Biology ............................................. 99
PART III II METHODOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND JUSTIFYING HYPOTHESES
Chapter 9 Releasing Radioactivity: Hypothesis-Prediction in
Hydrogeology ....................................... 111
Chapter 10 Protecting Florida Panthers: Historical-
Comparativist Methods in Zoology .................. 128
Chapter 11 Cracking Case Studies: Why They Work in Sciences
such as Ecology .................................... 144
Chapter 12 UncoveringCover-Up: Inference to the Best
Explanation in Medicine ............................ 157
PART IV VALUES ANALYSIS AND SCIENTIFIC UNCERTAINTY
Chapter 13 Value Judgments Can Kill: Expected-Utility Rules
in Decision Theory ................................. 179
Chapter 14 Understanding Uncertainty: False Negatives in
Quantitative Risk Analysis ......................... 196
Chapter 15 Where We Go from Here: Making Philosophy of
Science Practical .................................. 206
Notes ......................................................... 221
Index ......................................................... 291
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