 | Bevrani H. Power system monitoring and control / H.Bevrani, M.Watanabe, Y.Mitani. - Hoboken: Wiley/IEEE, 2014. - xvii, 269 p.: ill. - Bibliogr. at the end of the chapters. - Ind.: p.261-269. - ISBN 978-1-118-45069-7
|
Preface ...................................................... xiii
Acknowledgments .............................................. xvii
1 AN INTRODUCTION ON POWER SYSTEM MONITORING ................... 1
1.1 Synchronized Phasor Measurement ......................... 2
1.2 Power System Monitoring and Control with Wide-Area
Measurements ............................................ 2
1.3 ICT Architecture Used in Wide-Area Power System
Monitoring and Control .................................. 4
1.4 Summary ................................................. 5
References ................................................... 5
2 OSCILLATION DYNAMICS ANALYSIS BASED ON PHASOR MEASUREMENTS ... 7
2.1 Oscillation Characteristics in Power Systems ............ 8
2.1.1 Eigenvalue Analysis and Participation Factor ..... 8
2.1.2 Oscillation Characteristics in an
Interconnected Power System ...................... 9
2.2 An Overview of Oscillation Monitoring Using Phasor
Measurements ........................................... 12
2.2.1 Monitoring of the Japan Power Network ........... 12
2.2.2 Monitoring of the Southeast Asia Power Network .. 14
2.3 WAMS-Based Interarea Mode Identification ............... 15
2.4 Low-Frequency Oscillation Dynamics ..................... 16
2.4.1 Electromechanical Modes Characteristics ......... 16
2.4.2 Oscillation Characteristics Analyses in
Southeast Asia Power Network .................... 18
2.5 Summary ................................................ 24
References .................................................. 24
3 SMALL-SIGNAL STABILITY ASSESSMENT ........................... 26
3.1 Power System Small-Signal Stability .................... 27
3.2 Oscillation Model Identification Using Phasor
Measurements ........................................... 29
3.2.1 Oscillation Model of the Electromechanical
Mode ............................................ 29
3.2.2 Dominant Mode Identification with Signal
Filtering ....................................... 30
3.3 Small-Signal Stability Assessment of Wide-Area Power
System ................................................. 32
3.3.1 Simulation Study ................................ 32
3.3.2 Stability Assessment Based on Phasor
Measurements .................................... 33
3.3.3 Stability Assessment Based on Frequency
Monitoring ...................................... 38
3.4 Summary ................................................ 41
References .................................................. 41
4 GRAPHICAL TOOLS FOR STABILITY AND SECURITY ASSESSMENT ....... 43
4.1 Importance of Graphical Tools in WAMS .................. 43
4.2 Angle-Voltage Deviation Graph .......................... 45
4.3 Simulation Results ..................................... 48
4.3.1 Disturbance in Generation Side .................. 49
4.3.2 Disturbance in Demand Side ...................... 50
4.4 Voltage-Frequency Deviation Graph ...................... 52
4.4.1 ΔV-ΔF Graph for Contingency Assessment .......... 53
4.4.2 ΔV - ΔF Graph for Load Shedding Synthesis ....... 56
4.5 Frequency-Angle Deviation Graph ........................ 58
4.6 Electromechanical Wave Propagation Graph ............... 60
4.6.1 Wave Propagation ................................ 62
4.6.2 Angle Wave and System Configuration ............. 64
4.7 Summary ................................................ 68
References .................................................. 68
5 POWER SYSTEM CONTROL: FUNDAMENTALS AND NEW PERSPECTIVES ..... 70
5.1 Power System Stability and Control ..................... 71
5.2 Angle and Voltage Control .............................. 73
5.3 Frequency Control ...................................... 75
5.3.1 Frequency Control Dynamic ....................... 77
5.3.2 Operating States and Power Reserves ............. 81
5.4 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition ............... 83
5.5 Challenges, Opportunities, and New Perspectives ........ 88
5.5.1 Application of Advanced Control Methods and
Technologies .................................... 88
5.5.2 Standards Updating .............................. 90
5.5.3 Impacts of Renewable Energy Options ............. 90
5.5.4 RESs Contribution to Regulation Services ........ 92
5.6 Summary ................................................ 94
References .................................................. 95
6 WIDE-AREA MEASUREMENT-BASED POWER SYSTEM CONTROL DESIGN ..... 96
6.1 Measurement-Based Controller Design .................... 97
6.2 Controller Tuning Using a Vibration Model .............. 98
6.2.1 A Vibration Model Including the Effect of
Damping Controllers ............................. 98
6.2.2 Tuning Mechanism ............................... 101
6.2.3 Simulation Results ............................. 102
6.3 Wide-Area Measurement-Based Controller Design ......... 107
6.3.1 Wide-Area Power System Identification .......... 107
6.3.2 Design Procedure ............................... 110
6.3.3 Simulation Results ............................. 110
6.4 Summary ............................................... 118
References ................................................. 118
7 COORDINATED DYNAMIC STABILITY AND VOLTAGE REGULATION ....... 119
7.1 Need for AVR-PSS Coordination ......................... 120
7.2 A Survey on Recent Achievements ....................... 123
7.3 A Robust Simultaneous AVR-PSS Synthesis Approach ...... 126
7.3.1 Control Framework .............................. 126
7.3.2 Developed Algorithm ............................ 128
7.3.3 Real-Time Implementation ....................... 131
7.3.4 Experiment Results ............................. 132
7.4 A Wide-Area Measurement-Based Coordination Approach ... 135
7.4.1 High Penetration of Wind Power ................. 136
7.4.2 Developed Algorithm ............................ 138
7.4.3 An Application Example ......................... 141
7.4.4 Simulation Results ............................. 141
7.5 Intelligent AVR and PSS Coordination Design ........... 149
7.5.1 Fuzzy Logic-Based Coordination System .......... 149
7.5.2 Simulation Results ............................. 151
7.6 Summary ............................................... 155
References ................................................. 155
8 WIDE-AREA MEASUREMENT-BASED EMERGENCY CONTROL .............. 158
8.1 Conventional Load Shedding and New Challenges ......... 159
8.1.1 Load Shedding: Concept and Review .............. 159
8.1.2 Some Key Issues ................................ 161
8.2 Need for Monitoring Both Voltage and Frequency ........ 162
8.3 Simultaneous Voltage and Frequency-Based LS ........... 165
8.3.1 Proposed LS Scheme ............................. 165
8.3.2 Implementation ................................. 167
8.3.3 Case Studies and Simulation Results ............ 168
8.3.4 An Approach for Optimal UFVLS .................. 176
8.3.5 Discussion ..................................... 177
8.4 Wave Propagation-Based Emergency Control .............. 178
8.4.1 Proposed Control Scheme ........................ 178
8.4.2 Simulation Results ............................. 180
8.5 Summary ............................................... 183
References ................................................. 183
9 MICROGRID CONTROL: CONCEPTS AND CLASSIFICATION ............. 186
9.1 Microgrids ............................................ 187
9.2 Microgrid Control ..................................... 192
9.3 Local Controls ........................................ 195
9.4 Secondary Controls .................................... 198
9.5 Global Controls ....................................... 202
9.6 Central/Emergency Controls ............................ 204
9.7 Summary ............................................... 206
References ................................................. 207
10 MICROGRID CONTROL: SYNTHESIS EXAMPLES ...................... 209
10.1 Local Control Synthesis ............................... 209
10.1.1 Robust Voltage Control Design .................. 209
10.1.2 Intelligent Droop-Based Voltage and Frequency
Control ........................................ 215
10.2 Secondary Control Synthesis ........................... 221
10.2.1 Intelligent Frequency Control .................. 221
10.2.2 ANN-Based Self-Tuning Frequency Control ........ 228
10.3 Global Control Synthesis .............................. 235
10.3.1 Adaptive Energy Consumption Scheduling ......... 235
10.3.2 Power Dispatching in Interconnected MGs ........ 240
10.4 Emergency Control Synthesis ........................... 242
10.4.1 Developed LS Algorithm ......................... 243
10.4.2 Case Study and Simulation ...................... 243
10.5 Summary ............................................... 246
References ................................................. 246
Appendix A New York/New England 16-Machine 68-Bus System
Case Study ................................................. 249
Appendix В Nine-Bus Power System Case Study .................. 254
Appendix С Four-Order Dynamical Power System Model and
Parameters of the Four-Machine Infinite-Bus System ......... 256
Index ......................................................... 261
|
|
