 | Pohl R. Effect of very oblique waves on wave run-up and wave overtopping, CornerDike (HYIV-DHI-05), Dresden, im September 2014: [final rep.] / R.Pohl, A.Bornschein et al. - Dresden: Institut für Wasserbau und Technische Hydromechanik, 2014. - iii, 174 p.: ill. - (Dresdner Wasserbauliche Mitteilungen / Technische Universität (Dresden). Fakultät Bauingenieurwesen, H.52). - Загл. серии на обл.: Wasserbauliche Mitteilungen. - Bibliogr.: p.127-132. - ISBN 978-3-86780-392-2; ISSN 0949-5061
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1 INTRODUCTION ............................................... 1
1.1 Motivation and objectives ............................. 3
1.2 Content of the report ................................. 3
2 THEORY AND LITERATURE REVIEW ............................... 5
2.1 Wave fields ................................................ 5
2.1.1 Wave parameters ..................................... 5
2.1.1.1 Model tests with long crested and short
crested waves ................................... 5
2.1.1.2 Short-term description of waves ................. 6
2.1.1.3 Theoretical wave spectra and directional
distributions ................................... 9
2.1.2 Wave transformation and wave breaking .............. 12
2.1.2.1 Wave shoaling .................................. 12
2.1.2.2 Wave breaking .................................. 12
2.1.2.3 Wave refraction ................................ 13
2.1.2.4 Wave diffraction ............................... 15
2.1.3 Summary of wave field theory ....................... 17
2.2 Wave run-up ............................................... 17
2.2.1 Perpendicular wave attack .......................... 17
2.2.2 Oblique wave approach .............................. 20
2.3 Wave overtopping .......................................... 23
2.3.1 Wave overtopping due to perpendicular wave attack .. 23
2.3.2 Influence of roughness and permeability on wave
overtopping ........................................ 24
2.3.3 Influence of oblique wave attack on wave
overtopping ........................................ 24
2.3.4 Influence of convex and concave formed sections
in the dike line on wave overtopping ............... 30
2.3.5 Summary of wave overtopping predictions and
conclusions for the CornerDike project ............. 32
3 EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP ....................................... 33
3.1 General configuration ..................................... 33
3.1.1 Overtopping tests .................................. 34
3.1.2 Run-up tests ....................................... 36
3.2 Test procedure and data storage management ................ 36
3.2.1 Test program and wave parameters ................... 36
3.2.2 Data storage management ............................ 40
3.3 Measurements .............................................. 40
3.3.1 Wave field ......................................... 40
3.3.2 Wave run-up ........................................ 42
3.3.3 Overtopping volume ................................. 43
3.3.4 Overtopping velocity and layer thickness ........... 45
3.3.5 Temperature ........................................ 47
3.4 Calibration ............................................... 47
3.5 Model and scale effects ................................... 48
4 DATA PROCESSING ........................................... 53
4.1 Wave field ................................................ 53
4.2 Wave run-up ............................................... 53
4.3 Wave overtopping .......................................... 55
4.4 Restrictions to the analysis .............................. 56
5 RESULT ANALYSIS ........................................... 63
5.1 Wave field ................................................ 63
5.1.1 Introduction ....................................... 63
5.1.2 General observations ............................... 63
5.1.2.1 Long crested waves ............................. 63
5.1.2.2 Short crested waves with a high directional
spreading (σ = 34°) ............................ 65
5.1.3 Comparison of measurement techniques ............... 65
5.1.4 Wave field development along the structure
analysing model test data .......................... 67
5.1.4.1 Wave height and wave period .................... 67
5.1.4.2 Wave direction and directional spreading ....... 68
5.1.5 Wave field development along the structure
performing numerical simulations ................... 69
5.1.5.1 Delft3d-WAVE and the SWAN model ................ 69
5.1.5.2 Set-up of the numerical model .................. 70
5.1.5.3 Results of the numerical simulation ............ 71
5.1.6 Comparison of laboratory and numerical results ..... 74
5.1.7 Properties of measured waves (by M. Spano) ......... 76
5.2 Wave run-up ............................................... 79
5.2.1 Distribution function of wave run-up heights ....... 79
5.2.2 Influence of oblique wave attack ................... 81
5.2.3 Comparison of model test results with Czech
Guidelines (by M. Spano) ........................... 83
5.2.3.1 Correction factor for probability of
exceeding of wave height kp and wave run-up
height kn ...................................... 84
5.2.3.2 Correction factor of wave properties and
slope inclination ks ........................... 86
5.2.3.3 Influence factor of oblique wave attack kβ ..... 88
5.3 Wave overtopping .......................................... 90
5.3.1 Preliminary remarks ................................ 90
5.3.2 Analysis of mean overtopping discharges
regardless the wave parameters ..................... 90
5.3.2.1 Development of mean overtopping discharges
along the dike line ............................ 90
5.3.2.2 Influence of the wave direction on mean
overtopping discharges ......................... 93
5.3.3 Analysis of wave overtopping incorporating the
measured wave parameters ........................... 97
5.3.3.1 Approach of the analysis ....................... 97
5.3.3.2 Reference tests ................................ 99
5.3.3.3 Determination of influence factors ............ 101
5.3.3.4 Influence of oblique wave attack -
comparisons to former investigations
(β < 90°) ..................................... 102
5.3.3.5 Influence of a corner in the dike line for
Я ≤ 45° ....................................... 104
5.3.3.6 Influence of very oblique waves (45° ≤ β
≤ 90°) and slightly offshore waves (β > 90°) .. 110
5.3.3.7 Influence of the directional spreading ........ 116
5.3.3.8 Summary and conclusion ........................ 118
6 RESULT SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK ............................... 121
6.1 Reliability analysis ..................................... 121
6.2 Wave run-up and wave overtopping under oblique wave
attack ................................................... 123
6.3 Future outlook ........................................... 126
7 REFERENCES ............................................... 127
8 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................... 133
9 LIST OF TABLES ........................................... 141
10 LIST OF SYMBOLS .......................................... 145
11 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................... 151
12 ANNEX .................................................... 153
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