Metal chalcogenide nanostructures for renewable energy applications / ed. by A.Qurashi. - Hoboken: Wiley; Salem: Scrivener publishing, 2015. - xii, 305 p.: ill. - Incl. bibl. ref. - Ind.: p.299-305. - ISBN 978-1-118-23791-5  Место хранения:   02 | Отделение ГПНТБ СО РАН | Новосибирск

Оглавление / Contents

Preface ........................................................ xi Part 1: RENEWABLE ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS 1 Introduction: An Overview of Metal Chalcogenide Nanostructures for Renewable Energy Applications ............. 3 Ahsanulhaq Qurashi 1.1 Introduction ............................................ 3 1.2 Metal Chalcogenide Nanostructures ....................... 7 1.3 Growth of Metal Chalcogenide Nanostructures ............. 8 1.4 Applications of Metal Chalcogenide Nanostructures ...... 16 1.5 Summary and Future Perspective ......................... 18 References .................................................. 18 2 Renewable Energy and Materials .............................. 23 Muhammad Asif 2.1 Global Energy Scenario ................................. 23 2.2 Role of Renewable Energy in Sustainable Energy Future ................................................. 25 2.3 Importance of Materials Role in Renewable Energy ....... 27 References .................................................. 30 3 Sustainable Feed Stock and Energy Futures ................... 33 H. Idriss 3.1 Introduction ........................................... 33 3.2 Discussion ............................................. 34 3.2.1 Nuclear Technology .............................. 35 3.2.2 Solar Energy .................................... 36 3.2.3 Hydrogen by Water Splitting ..................... 38 References .................................................. 41 Part 2: SYNTHESIS OF METAL CHALCOGENIDE NANOSTRUCTURES 4 Metal-Selenide Nanostructures: Growth and Properties ........ 45 Ramin Yousefi 4.1 Introduction ........................................... 45 4.2 Growth and Properties of Different Groups of Metal-Selenide Nanostructures .......................... 48 4.2.1 Metal Selenides from II-VI Semiconductors ....... 48 4.2.2 ZnSe ............................................ 48 4.2.3 CdSe ............................................ 54 4.2.4 HgSe ............................................ 57 4.3 Metal Selenides from III-VI Semiconductors ............. 57 4.3.1 In2Se3 .......................................... 58 4.4 Metal Selenides from IV-VI Semiconductors .............. 61 4.4.1 SnSe ............................................ 61 4.4.1 PbSe ............................................ 62 4.5 Metal Selenides from V-VI Semiconductors ............... 66 4.5.1 Sb2Se3 .......................................... 66 4.5.2 Bi2Se3 .......................................... 68 4.6 Metal Selenides from Transition Metal (TM) ............. 69 4.6.1 Copper Selenide (CuSe, Cu3Se2) .................. 70 4.6.2 Iron Selenide (FeSe2, FeSe) ..................... 71 4.6.3 MoSe2 ........................................... 72 4.6.3 WSe2 ........................................... 74 4.7 Ternary Metal-Selenide Compounds ....................... 75 4.7.1 CuInSe2 (Copper Indium Diselenide) .............. 75 4.7.2 CdSSe ........................................... 76 4.7.3 CdZnSe .......................................... 77 4.8 Summary and Future Outlook ............................. 78 Acknowledgment .............................................. 79 References .................................................. 79 5 Growth Mechanism and Surface Functionalization of Metal Chalcogenides Nanostructures ....................... 83 Muhammad Nawaz Tahir, Jugal Kishore Sahoo, Faegheh Hoshyargar, Wolfgang Tremel 5.1 Introduction ........................................... 84 5.1.2 Structure of Layered Transition Metal Chalcogenides (LTMCs) ........................... 87 5.2 Synthetic Methods for Layered Metal Chalcogenides ...... 89 5.2.1 Laser Ablation .................................. 89 5.2.2 Arc Discharge ................................... 90 5.2.3 Microwave-Induced Plasma ........................ 90 5.2.4 Electron Beam Irradiation ....................... 90 5.2.5 Spray Pyrolysis ................................. 91 5.2.6 Sulfidization with H2S .......................... 91 5.2.7 Hydrothermal .................................... 91 5.2.8 Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) Technique ............................... 91 5.2.9 Vapor-Liquid-Solid (VLS) Growth ................. 94 5.2.10 Oxide-to-Sulfide Conversion ..................... 95 5.2.11 Hot-Injection Solution Synthesis ................ 98 5.2.12 Liquid Exfoliation .............................. 99 5.3 Surface Functionalization of Layered Metal Dichalcogenide Nanostructures ......................... 102 5.3.1 Surface Functionalization Based on Polymeric Ligands .............................. 102 5.3.2 Surface Functionalization Based on Pearson Hardness ............................... 107 5.3.3 Surface Functionalization of Metal Chalcogenides by Silane ........................ 110 5.4 Applications of Inorganic Nanotubes and Fullerenes .... 110 5.4.1 Energy ......................................... 111 References ................................................. 113 6 Optical and Structural Properties of Metal Chalcogenide Semiconductor Nanostructures ............................... 123 Ihsan-ul-Haq Toor and Shafique Khan 6.1 Optical Properties of Metal Chalcogenides Semiconductor Nanostructures .......................... 124 6.1.2 Metal Chalcogenide Nanocrystals ................ 126 6.2 Structural Properties and Defects of Metal Chalcogenide Semiconductor Nanostructures ............. 133 References ................................................. 142 7 Structural and Optical Properties of CdS Nanostructures .... 147 Y. Al-Douri 7.1 Introduction .......................................... 147 7.2 Nanomaterials ......................................... 150 7.3 II-VI Semiconductors .................................. 152 7.4 Sol-Gel Process ....................................... 155 7.5 Structural and Surface Characterization of Nanostructured CdS .................................... 156 7.6 Optical Properties .................................... 159 7.7 Conclusion ............................................ 161 Acknowledgments ............................................ 162 References ................................................. 162 Part 3: APPLICATIONS OF METAL CHALCOGENIDES NANOSTRUCTURES 8 Metal Sulfide Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Generation by Water Splitting under Illumination of Solar Light ....... 167 Zhonghai Zhang 8.1 Introduction .......................................... 167 8.2 Photocatalytic Water Splitting on Single Metal Sulfide ............................................... 169 8.2.1 CdS ............................................ 169 8.2.2 ZnS ............................................ 170 8.2.2 SnS2 ........................................... 172 8.3 Photocatalytic Water Splitting on Multi-metal Sulfide ............................................... 173 8.3.1 ZnIn2S4 ........................................ 173 8.3.2 CuS/ZnS ........................................ 175 8.3.4 CuGa3S5 ........................................ 176 8.3.5 CdS-MoS2 ....................................... 177 8.3.6 NiS-CdS ........................................ 178 8.3.7 Mn-Cd-S ........................................ 179 8.3.8 PbS/CdS ........................................ 180 8.3.9 AGa2In3S8 (A = Cu or Ag) ....................... 180 8.4 Metal Sulfides Solid-Solution Photocatalysts .......... 180 8.5 Summary and Future Outlook ............................ 184 References ................................................. 184 9 Metal Chalcogenide Hierarchical Nanostructures for Energy Conversion Devices .................................. 189 Ramin Yousefi, Farid Jamali-Sheini, Ali Khorsand Zak 9.1 Introduction .......................................... 190 9.1.1 Why Metal Chalcogenide Semiconductors Matter for Energy Conversion .......................... 191 9.2 Main Characteristics of Cd-Chalcogenide Nanocrystals (CdE; E = S, Se, Те) .................................. 192 9.3 Different Methods to Grow Cd-Chalcogenide Nanocrystals .......................................... 192 9.3.1 Thermal Evaporation Method to Grow Cd-Chalcogenide Nanocrystals ................... 192 9.3.2 Chemical Bath Deposition Method to Grow Cd-Chalcogenide Nanocrystals ................... 205 9.3.3 Electrochemical Deposition Method to Grow Cd-Chalcogenide Nanocrystals ................... 210 9.3.4 Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) Method to Grow Cd-Chalcogenide Nanocrystals ................... 212 9.4 Solar Energy Conversion ............................... 212 9.4.1 Modeling of Solar Energy Conversion ............ 213 9.4.2 Semiconductor Solar Cells ...................... 216 9.4.3 Hierarchical Branching Nanostructures as Better Solar Energy Harvesting ................. 218 9.5 Cd-Chalcogenide Nanocrystals as Solar Energy Conversion ............................................ 219 9.5.1 CdS Nanostructures Solar Cells ................. 219 9.5.2 CdSe Nanostructures Solar Cells ................ 223 9.5.3 CdTe Nanostructures Solar Cells ................ 226 9.6 Summary and Future Outlook ............................ 230 References ................................................. 230 10 Metal Chalcogenide Quantum Dots for Hybrid Solar Cell Applications .......................................... 233 Mir Waqas Alam and Ahsanulhaq Qurashi 10.1 Introduction .......................................... 233 10.2 Chemical Synthesis of Quantum Dots .................... 235 10.2.1 Single-Step Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Quantum Dots ................................... 235 10.2.2 Electrochemical Deposition Method .............. 235 10.2.3 Chemical Aerosol Flow Method ................... 236 10.2.4 Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) ................. 237 10.3 Quantum Dots Solar cell ............................... 238 10.4 Summary and Future Prospects .......................... 243 References ................................................. 243 11 Solar Cell Application of Metal Chalcogenide Semiconductor Nanostructures ............................... 247 Hongjun Wu 11.1 Introduction .......................................... 247 11.2 Chalcogenide-Based Thin-Film Solar Cells .............. 248 11.3 CdTe-Based Solar Cells ................................ 249 11.4 Cu(In, Ga)(S, Se)2 (CIGS)-Based Solar Cells ........... 251 11.5 Metal Chalcogenides-Based Quantum-Dots-Sensitized Solar Cells (QDSSCs) .................................. 253 11.6 Hybrid Metal Chalcogenides Nanostructure-Conductive Polymer Composite Solar Cells ......................... 257 11.7 Conclusions ........................................... 261 References ................................................. 262 12 Chalcogenide-Based Nanodevices for Renewable Energy ........ 269 Y. Al-Douri 12.1 Introduction .......................................... 269 12.2 Renewable Energy ...................................... 272 12.3 Nanodevices ........................................... 274 12.4 Density Functional Theory ............................. 277 12.5 Analytical Studies .................................... 278 12.6 Conclusion ............................................ 284 References ................................................. 285 13 Metal Tellurides Nanostructures for Thermoelectric Applications ............................................... 289 Salman B. Inayat 13.1 Introduction .......................................... 290 13.2 Thermoelectric Microdevice Fabricated by a MEMS-Like Electrochemical Process ............................... 290 13.3 Bi2Te3-Based Flexible Micro Thermoelectric Generator ............................................. 292 13.4 High-Thermoelectric Performance of Nanostructured Bismuth Antimony Telluride Bulk Alloys ................ 293 13.5 Nano-manufactured Thermoelectric Glass Windows for Energy Efficient Building Technologies ............ 294 13.6 Conclusion ............................................ 296 References ................................................. 297 Index ......................................................... 299