Preface ......................................................... 3
List of Abbreviations .......................................... 13
1 Introduction to the Fascinating World of Human Rights:
A Multidisciplinary Approach .............................. 19
Preliminary Note .......................................... 20
Human Rights from a Legal Perspective (Manfred NOWAK) ..... 21
Human Rights from a Historical Perspective (Margarete
GRANDNER) ................................................. 25
Human Rights from a Theological Perspective (Ingeborg
GABRIEL) .................................................. 33
Human Rights from a Philosophical Perspective (Gerhard
LUF) ...................................................... 36
Human Rights from an Anthropological Perspective (René
KUPPE) .................................................... 39
Human Rights from a Psychological Perspective (Brigitte
LUEGER-SCHUSTER / Germain WEBER) .......................... 44
Human Rights from a Sociological Perspective (Christoph
REINPRECHT) ............................................... 51
Human Rights from an International Relations Perspective
(Vedran DŽIHIĆ) ........................................... 55
Human Rights from a Media Perspective (Petra HERCZEG) ..... 60
2 nternational and Regional Human Rights Mechanisms ......... 63
Preliminary Note .......................................... 64
2.1 The United Nations ........................................ 65
An Introduction to the UN Human Rights System (Manfred
NOWAK) .................................................... 65
The UN Standards and Norms in Crime Prevention and
Criminal Justice: Human Rights in the Administration of
Justice (Yuri FEDOTOV) ................................... 93
The UN Gender Equality Architecture (Angelika KARTUSCH) ... 98
The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with
Disabilities (Marianne SCHULZE) .......................... 103
The United Nations, Counter-Terrorism and Human Rights
(Ulrich GARMS) ........................................... 106
Human Rights Diplomacy - Advancing Human Rights
Protection through the UN Human Rights Council
(Christian STROHAL) ...................................... 116
2.2 The Council of Europe .................................... 119
An Introduction to the Human Rights Mechanisms of the
Council of Europe (Manfred NOWAK) ........................ 119
The European Convention on Human Rights and its
Monitoring Mechanism (Christoph GRABENWARTER) ............ 128
The European Social Charter in the European Monitoring
System (Karin LUKAS) ..................................... 135
The European Commission against Racism and Intolerance
(Barbara LIEGL) .......................................... 138
The European Committee for the Prevention of Torture
(Julia KOZMA) ............................................ 145
Monitoring of Anti-Trafficking Efforts by the Council
of Europe - The Role of GRETA (Helmut SAX) ............... 151
The Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights
(Ursula KRIEBAUM) ........................................ 158
2.3 The European Union ....................................... 165
An Overview of the EU Human Rights Mechanisms (Hannes
TRETTER) ................................................. 165
Human Rights Protection in the European Union: A "Tour
de Villes" of a Vaudeville?
(Jonas GRIMHEDEN / Gabriel N. TOGGENBURG) ................ 175
The Role of the European Parliament in the Protection
of Human Rights (Ulrike LUNACEK) ......................... 180
The Role and Functioning of COHOM and the External
Relations ofthe EU (Bert THEUERMANN) ..................... 185
Introducing the European Union Agency for Fundamental
Rights (Morten KÆERUM) ................................... 190
The EU Anti-Discrimination Law (Monika MAYRHOFER) ........ 194
The EU Asylum and Migration Policy (Margit AMMER) ........ 198
Human Rights and the EU Enlargement Policy (Susanne
FRACZEK) ................................................. 204
2.4 The Organization for Security and Co-operation in
Europe ................................................... 210
Human Rights and OSCE's Comprehensive Security Concept
(Lamberto ZANNIER) ....................................... 210
The OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human
Rights (Astrid GANTERER) ................................. 215
The Human Dimension Committee of the OSCE (Thomas
GREMINGER) ............................................... 219
The OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities
(Manfred NOWAK) .......................................... 226
The Office of the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the
Media (Dunja MIJATOVIC) .................................. 229
Trafficking in Human Beings and Human Rights
Violations: The OSCE Approach (Maria Grazia
GIAMMARINARO) ............................................ 233
2.5 The Inter-American Human Rights System (Christina
BINDER) .................................................. 241
2.6 The African System of Human Rights Protection (Johanna
LOBER) ................................................... 247
2.7 Human Rights Mechanisms of the Association of Southeast
Asian Nations (Jonas GRIMHEDEN) .......................... 258
2.8 slamic Human Rights Regimes (Irmgard MARBOE) ........ 261
3 Implementation of Human Rights ........................... 267
Preliminary Note ......................................... 268
3.1 Human Rights Theory ...................................... 269
Introduction to Human Rights Theory (Manfred NOWAK) ...... 269
Remedies and Reparations for Victims of Human Rights
Violations (Lisa STADLMAYR) .............................. 279
Accountability of International Organisations for Human
Rights Violations (August REINISCH) ...................... 283
3.2 National Human Rights Mechanisms ......................... 289
Domestic Human Rights Safeguards (Manfred STELZER) ....... 289
National Human Rights Institutions (Manfred NOWAK) ....... 292
Ombudsman Institutions (Gabriele KUCSKO-STADLMAYER) ...... 296
The Role of Human Rights Institutes - The Example of
the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Human Rights (Fiona
STEINERT) ................................................ 300
4 Selected Human Rights .................................... 305
Preliminary Note ......................................... 306
Right to Equality and Non-Discrimination (Katrin
WLADASCH) ................................................ 307
Right to Life (Manfred NOWAK) ............................ 311
Right to an Adequate Standard of Living (Karin LUKAS) .... 317
Right to Health (Thomas WENZEL / Erkol ECEVIT /
Alexander WENZEL / Werner ZITTERL) ....................... 323
Right to Education (Beatrix FERENCI) ..................... 328
Right to Work, Rights in Work and Right to Social
Security (Wolfgang MAZAL) ................................ 333
Prohibition of Slavery and Forced Labour in the Context
of the Right to Work (Karolina Miriam JANUSZEWSKI) ....... 336
Prohibition of Trafficking in Human Beings (Julia
PLANITZER) ............................................... 343
Prohibition of Torture (Manfred NOWAK) ................... 346
Psychological Consequences of Torture (Brigitte LUEGER-
SCHUSTER) ................................................ 351
Torture and the Medical Profession - Selected Aspects
(Thomas WENZEL / Ercol ECEVIT) ........................... 357
Right to Liberty and Security (Tiphanie CRITTIN) ......... 361
Right to Judicial Protection (Stefan HAMMER) ............. 367
Right to Privacy and Family Life (Manfred NOWAK) ......... 371
Data Protection (Christof TSCHOHL) ....................... 376
Freedom of Expression, Assembly and Association
(Manfred NOWAK) .......................................... 380
Freedom of the Media (Petra HERCZEG) ..................... 388
Freedom of Religion (Ingeborg GABRIEL) ................... 392
Right to Political Participation (Joachim STERN) ......... 396
Right to the Protection of Property (Ursula KRIEBAUM) .... 401
Right to Development - From a "Dangerous" Third World
Concept to a Toothless Buzzword (Walter SCHICHO) ......... 408
Right of Peoples to Self-Determination (Hanspeter
NEUHOLD) ................................................. 414
5 Human Rights of Specific Groups .......................... 419
Preliminary Note ......................................... 420
Human Rights of Children and Young People - A Primary
Consideration? (Helmut SAX) .............................. 422
Human Rights Violations against Children - Impacts on
the Most Vulnerable Group (Brigitte LUEGER-SCHUSTER) ..... 433
Women's Rights are Human Rights - The Role of CEDAW
(Angelika KARTUSCH) ...................................... 439
Human Rights of Persons with Disabilities (Ursula NAUE) .. 443
Human Rights of People Living with HIV/AIDS (Marijana
GRANDITS / Tina HOFSTÄTTER) .............................. 447
Ageing, Quality of Life and Rights: Prospects for
a Good Old Age (Germain WEBER) ........................... 453
Human Rights in the Context of Sexual Orientation and
Gender Identity (Elisabeth HOLZLEITHNER) ................. 458
Human Rights of Minorities (Gerhard HAFNER) .............. 462
Human Rights of Indigenous Peoples (René KUPPE) .......... 467
Human Rights of Refugees (Christoph PINTER) .............. 472
Human Rights of Detainees (Moritz BIRK) .................. 477
Human Rights of Drug Users (Simon FLACKS) ................ 484
6 Human Rights in Context and New Challenges ............... 487
Preliminary Note ......................................... 488
6.1 Human Rights, Peace and Security ......................... 490
Human Rights in the Field (Manfred NOWAK) ................ 490
Peace Missions - Keeping, Building and Enforcing Peace
(Beatrix FERENCI) ........................................ 495
The Responsibility to Protect (Irmgard MARBOE) ........... 500
No Peace without Women (Sabine MANDL) .................... 506
The Interplay between Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
(Alexander BREITEGGER) ................................... 512
What is Transitional Justice? (Lisa STADLMAYR) ........... 521
International Criminal Law - Individual Responsibility
and Human Rights (Gerhard HAFNER / Frank HÖPFEL) ......... 525
6.2 Human Rights and Democratisation, Good Governance
and Anti-Corruption ...................................... 530
Democratisation and Human Rights (Vedran DŽIHIĆ) ......... 530
International Election Observation (Florian DUNKEL) ...... 535
Good Governance and Human Rights (Georg HUBER-
GRABENWARTER) ............................................ 539
Countering Corruption (Martin KREUTNER) .................. 547
Human Rights Online or on the Line? The Role of New
(Social) Media in Human Rights Protection (Katharine
SARIKAKIS / Joan Ramon RODRIGUEZ-AMAT) ................... 552
6.3 Human Rights and Development: A Rights-Based Approach
(Walter SCHICHO) ......................................... 558
6.4 Human Rights and Environment - Facing Climate Change
(Margit AMMER / Lisa STADLMAYR) .......................... 563
6.5 Business and Human Rights - A Challenging Relationship ... 577
Corporate Responsibility for Human Rights (Barbara
LINDER / Astrid STEINKELLNER) ............................ 577
International Economic Law and Human Rights (August
REINISCH) ................................................ 584
6.6 Human Rights and Religions - From Monologue to Dialogue
(Ingeborg GABRIEL) ....................................... 591
6.7 Human Rights and Legal Pluralism (Rene KUPPE) ............ 596
6.8 Cinema and Human Rights: Between Ethics and Aesthetics
(Vreni HOCKENJOS) ........................................ 601
6.9 Human Rights Education - Know Your Rights! (Patricia
HLADSCHIK / Dorothea STEURER) ............................ 606
7 Practical Human Rights Work: Attitude, Knowledge and
Skills ................................................... 613
Preliminary Note ......................................... 614
Human Rights Training (Walter SUNTINGER) ................. 616
Human Rights Consulting (Walter SUNTINGER) ............... 624
Being a Human Rights Lawyer (Nadja LORENZ) ............... 631
Human Rights and Lobbyism (Marijana GRANDITS) ............ 635
Human Rights Officers in the Field (Beatrix FERENCI) ..... 641
Human Rights Fact-Finding (Manfred NOWAK) ................ 649
Notes on the Contributors ..................................... 655
Index ......................................................... 663
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