Greetings ....................................................... 4
Foreword ........................................................ 5
Contents ........................................................ 7
Acknowledgements ............................................... 11
I Introduction .............................................. 12
II "Materials & Methods" ..................................... 16
Habitats .................................................. 16
Sampling .................................................. 16
Extraction = separation from the substrate ................ 19
Fixation and Electron Microscopy (EM) ..................... 19
Culturing ................................................. 21
Quantification ............................................ 21
III Taxonomy .................................................. 22
Adenoides ................................................. 22
Alexandrium ............................................... 24
Amphidiniella ............................................. 25
Amphidiniopsis ............................................ 27
Amphidinium ............................................... 41
Ankistrodinium ............................................ 56
Apicoporus ................................................ 58
Biecheleria ............................................... 61
Bispinodinium ............................................. 62
Bysmatrum ................................................. 64
Cabra ..................................................... 70
Coolia .................................................... 74
Dinothrix ................................................. 80
Durinskia ................................................. 82
Galeidinium ............................................... 85
Gambierdiscus ............................................. 86
Gler}odinium .............................................. 95
Gymnodinium ............................................... 96
Gyrodinium ............................................... 103
Halostylodinium .......................................... 107
Herdmania ................................................ 109
Heterocapsa .............................................. 111
Katodinium ............................................... 112
Moestrupia ............................................... 115
Ostreopsis ............................................... 116
'Peridinium' partim = new genus .......................... 126
Pileidinium .............................................. 128
Plagiodinium ............................................. 129
Planodinium .............................................. 130
Polykrikos ............................................... 132
Prorocentrum ............................................. 134
Pseudothecadinium ........................................ 152
Pyramidodinium ........................................... 154
Rhinodinium .............................................. 154
Roscoffia ................................................ 156
Sabulodinium ............................................. 160
Scrippsiella ............................................. 163
Sinophysis ............................................... 165
Spiniferodinium .......................................... 173
Stylodinium .............................................. 175
Symbiodinium spp ......................................... 177
Testudodinium ............................................ 178
Thecadinium .............................................. 180
Togula ................................................... 188
Vulcanodinium ............................................ 191
IV Phylogeny and systematics ................................ 193
Phylogeny of the morphological adaptations ............... 194
Amphidinium .............................................. 195
Amphidiniopsis,Archaeperidinium, Herdmania -
Peridiniales ............................................. 195
Cabra, Rhinodinium, Roscoffia - Podolampadaceae .......... 196
Coolia, Gambierdiscus, Ostreopsis - Gonyaulacales ........ 196
Prorocentrum & Adenoides ................................. 197
Sinophysis & Sabulodinium ................................ 197
'Dinotoms' - Dinothrix, Durinskia, Galeidinium,
'Gymnodinium' quadrilobatum, 'Peridinium' quinquecorne ... 198
Dinoflagellate taxa with cryptophyte-
(klepto)chloroplasts ..................................... 198
The phytodinialean dinoflagellates ('Phytodiniales') ..... 198
V Biogeography ............................................. 209
VI Ecology .................................................. 212
Attachment ............................................... 213
Life cycles .............................................. 213
Tide pools ............................................... 213
Vertical migration ....................................... 214
Blooms ................................................... 214
Spatial distribution ..................................... 216
Temporal distribution .................................... 216
Quantitative Data ........................................ 217
VII Toxins of benthic dinoflagellates and benthic harmful
algal blooms ............................................. 218
Introduction ............................................. 218
Gambierdiscus ............................................ 219
Ostreopsis ............................................... 223
Coolia ................................................... 223
Prorocentrum ............................................. 226
Amphidinium .............................................. 227
Alexandrium .............................................. 227
Vulcanodinium ............................................ 227
References .................................................... 234
Taxonomic index ............................................... 266
Useful web pages .............................................. 272
Picture credits ............................................... 273
Authors' Addresses ............................................ 274
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