Geologica Hungarica series Palaeontologica, Fasciculus 59 ....... 3
Introduction .................................................... 7
Acknowledgement ................................................. 8
Historical overview ............................................ 9
Geological background ......................................... 10
The Upper Miocene of Hungary — an introduction ............. 10
Palaeogeography ............................................ 11
Sedimentary environments and lithostratigraphy .............. 12
Chronostratigraphy and geochronology ........................ 12
Palaeobotanical localities: geology, fossils, flora,
vegetation and environment .................................. 15
Alcsút ...................................................... 15
Aranyosgadány ............................................... 16
Balatonszentgyörgy ......................................... 16
Bükkábrány ................................................. 19
Cserszegtomaj .............................................. 19
Diszel-Hajagos .............................................. 19
Diszel-Kula Hill ............................................ 20
Dozmat ...................................................... 20
Felsőtárkány ................................................ 21
Gyöngyös - Silbermann Mine .................................. 23
Győr-Sashegy ................................................ 23
Hatvan ...................................................... 25
Hévíz ....................................................... 25
Hosszupereszteg ............................................. 25
Iharosberény ................................................ 26
Karmacs ..................................................... 26
Kerecsend ................................................... 27
Mindszentkálla .............................................. 28
Pécs-Danitzpuszta ........................................... 28
Pécs-Nagyárpád .............................................. 29
Rózsaszentmárton ............................................ 29
Rudabánya ................................................... 30
Sé .......................................................... 31
Sótony ..................................................... 32
Tihany-Fehérpart ............................................ 32
Tiszapalkonya ............................................... 32
Visonta ..................................................... 34
Taphonomy ..................................................... 37
Systematic descriptions ....................................... 39
Selaginellaceae ................................................ 39
Selaginella sp .............................................. 39
Equisetaceae ................................................... 39
Equisetum sp ................................................ 39
Polypodiaceae ................................................. 39
Pronephrium stiriacum (Unger) Knobloch & Kvaček ............. 39
Osmundaceae .................................................... 40
Osmunda parschlugiana (Unger) Andreánszky .................. 40
Salviniaceae ................................................... 41
Salvinia cf. intermedia Nikitin ex Dorofeev ................. 41
Polypodiopsida gen. et sp ...................................... 41
Ginkgoaceae .................................................... 41
Ginkgo adiantoides (Unger) Heer ............................. 41
Pinaceae ....................................................... 41
Pinus sp. 1 ................................................. 41
Pinus sp. 2 ................................................. 42
Pinus sp .................................................... 42
Tsuga sp .................................................... 42
Picea sp .................................................... 42
Abies sp .................................................... 42
Cupressaceae .................................................. 42
Glyptostrobus europaeus (Brongniart) Unger .................. 42
Glyptostroboxylon sp ........................................ 44
Taxodioxylon germanicum (Greguss) Van der Burgh ............ 44
Magnoliaceae ................................................... 44
Magnolia sp ................................................. 44
Liriodendron sp ............................................. 44
Lauraceae ...................................................... 44
Daphnogene sp ............................................... 44
Ranunculaceae .................................................. 45
Ranunculus sp ............................................... 45
Nymphaeaceae ................................................... 45
Nymphaea szaferi Knobloch .................................. 45
Nuphar palfalvyi Bůžek & László ............................. 45
Nymphaeaceae gen. et sp ..................................... 45
Pseudoeuryale cf. dravertii Dorofeev ........................ 45
Ceratophyllaceae .............................................. 45
Ceratophyllum dubium (Ludwig) Kirchheimer ................... 45
Lamiaceae ..................................................... 45
Lycopus cf. europaeus L ..................................... 45
Actinidiaceae .................................................. 45
Actinidiafaveolata C. & E. M. Reid ......................... 45
Apiaceae ....................................................... 46
Oenanthe sp ................................................. 46
Hamamelidaceae ................................................ 46
Liquidambar europaea A. Braun ............................... 46
Hamamelidaceae gen. et sp ................................... 46
Platanaceae .................................................... 47
Platanus leucophylla (Unger) Knobloch ...................... 47
Platanus sp. leaf ........................................... 47
Platanus sp. fruit .......................................... 48
Fagaceae ....................................................... 48
Fagus haidingeri Kovдts emend. Knobloch .................... 48
Fagus decurrens C. & E.M. Reid .............................. 48
Quercus kubinyii (Kovдts ex Ettingshausen) Berger ........... 48
Quercus sp .................................................. 49
Quercus sp. fruit ........................................... 49
Quercus pontica-miocenica Kubát ............................. 49
Betulaceae .................................................... 50
The Lower Mioceneflora of Hungary
Alnus cecropiifolia (Ettingshausen) Berger .................. 50
Alnus menzelii Raniecka-Bobrowska ........................... 51
Alnus julianiformis (Sternberg) Kvacek & Holy ............... 51
Alnus ducalis Gaudin emend. Knobloch ........................ 52
Alnus gaudini (Reer) Knobloch & Kvacek ..................... 52
Alnus sp .................................................... 53
Alnus sp. female catkins "cones" ............................ 53
Alnus sp. male catkins ...................................... 53
Carpinus grandis Unger emend. Heer .......................... 53
Carpinus betulus L. fossilis ................................ 54
Carpinus sp. ex gr. betulus L ............................... 54
Betulaceae gen. et sp ....................................... 54
Myricaceae ..................................................... 55
Myrica lignitum (Unger) Saporta ............................. 55
Juglandaceae .................................................. 55
Engelhardia macroptera (Brongniart) Unger ................... 55
Pterocarya sp ............................................... 55
Ulmaceae ....................................................... 56
Ulmus carpinoides Göppert emend. Menzel ..................... 56
Ulmus braunii Heer .......................................... 56
Ulmus sp .................................................... 57
Ulmus sp. fruit ............................................ 57
Zelkova zelkovifolia (Unger) Bьzek & Kotlaba ................ 57
Ulmaceae gen. et sp ......................................... 58
Cercidiphyllaceae .............................................. 58
Cercidiphyllum crenatum (Unger) Brown ....................... 58
Cercidiphyllum sp. fruit .................................... 59
Rosaceae ...................................................... 59
cf. Prunus sp ............................................... 59
Leguminosae ................................................... 59
Leguminosae gen et sp ....................................... 59
Onagraceae .................................................... 59
Hartziella miocenica Safer .................................. 59
Lythraceae ..................................................... 59
Decodon gibbosus (E.M. Reid) Е.M. Reid ...................... 59
Trapa praehungarica Wójcicki et Bajzáth .................... 60
Trapa silesiaca Göppert emend. Wójcicki & Zastawniak ........ 60
Trapa pannonica sp. nov ..................................... 60
Trapa rozsaszentmartoni sp. nov. ............................ 61
Sapindaceae .................................................... 61
Acer subcampestre Göppert ................................... 61
Acer vindobonensis (Ettingshausen) Berger ................... 61
Acerjurenakii Stur .......................................... 62
Acer tricuspidatum Вronn..................................... 62
Acer sp. fruit .............................................. 63
Mastixiaceae .................................................. 63
Mastixia amygdalaeformis (Schlotheim) Kirchheimer ........... 63
Vitaceae ....................................................... 64
Vitis szakmanygyorgyi sp. nov. ............................. 64
Vitis sp .................................................... 65
Theaceae ....................................................... 65
d. Stuartia beckerana (Ludwig) Kirchheimer ..................... 65
Salicaceae ..................................................... 65
Salix various Göppert ....................................... 65
Salix sp. fruit capsule .................................... 66
Salix sp. 1 ................................................ 66
Salix sp. bud .............................................. 66
Populus populina (Brongniart) Knobloch ...................... 66
Malvaceae ..................................................... 67
cf. Tilia sp ................................................ 67
Byttneriophyllum tiliifolium (A. Braun) Knobloch &
Kvaček ...................................................... 67
Banisteriaecarpum giganteum (Göppert) Kräusel ............... 68
Aquifoliaceae .................................................. 68
Ilex sp ..................................................... 68
Comaceae ...................................................... 69
Cornus cf. gorbunovii Dorofeev .............................. 69
Nyssaceae ...................................................... 69
Nyssa disseminata (Ludwig) Kirchheimer ...................... 69
Adoxaceae ...................................................... 69
Sambucus pulchella C. & E.M. Reid ........................... 69
Sabiaceae ...................................................... 69
Meliosma cf. wetteraviensis (Ludwig) Mai .................... 69
Plantae incertae sedis ......................................... 69
"Magnolia " szakmanycsabae sp. nov. ......................... 69
Juglans acuminata A. Braun ex Unger ......................... 70
Dicotylophyllum jungii Knobloch & Kvaček .................... 70
Alismataceae ................................................... 70
Caldesia cf. cylindrica (E. M. Reid) Dorofeev ............... 70
Hydrocharitaceae ............................................... 70
Stratiotes tuberculatus C. &E.M.Reid ........................ 70
Stratiotes sp ............................................... 71
Potamogetonaceae ............................................... 71
Potamogeton martinianus Sitar .................................. 71
Potamogeton sp. div. ........................................ 71
Smilacaceae .................................................... 71
Smilax weberi Wessel in Wessel & Weber ...................... 71
Musaceae ....................................................... 72
Musophyllum tárkányense Bubik ............................... 72
Zingiberaceae .................................................. 72
Spirematospermum wetzleri (Heer) Chandler ................... 72
Cyperaceae ..................................................... 72
Carex sp .................................................... 72
Monocotyledonae inc. fam ....................................... 72
Monocotyledonae gen. et sp. 1 ............................... 72
Monocotyledonae gen. et sp .................................. 72
Late Miocene (Pannonian) flora of the Pannonian Basin .......... 73
The Pannonian flora and vegetation of adj acent marginal,
extrabasinal areas ............................................. 77
The Pannonian vegetation of the Pannonian Basin ................ 79
Late Miocene climate in the Pannonian Basin .................... 83
References .................................................... 85
Appendix ....................................................... 95
Index ......................................................... 99
Plates ........................................................ 103
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