Preface ........................................................ xv
Notation
1 Text and data formatting ..................................... 1
1.1 Text formatting with latex and html ..................... 2
1.1.1 Latex ............................................ 2
1.1.2 Html ............................................. 4
1.1.3 Latex compared to html ........................... 4
1.2 Formatting with xml ..................................... 7
1.3 Usage and usefulness of xml files ....................... 6
1.3.1 Data formatting ................................. 14
1.3.2 Computer code formatting ........................ 16
1.4 Constraints on structure and form ...................... 17
1.4.1 DocBook schema .................................. 19
1.4.2 Libre Office Math ............................... 20
1.5 Xml data processing .................................... 21
1.5.1 Human processing ................................ 21
1.5.2 Machine processing with xsl ..................... 22
1.6 Relevance of xml in scientific computing ............... 25
1.6.1 Matrices ........................................ 27
1.6.2 Objects ......................................... 28
1.6.3 Data points on a graph as xml elements or С++
objects ......................................... 29
1.6.4 Perl associative arrays ......................... 33
1.6.5 Computing environments .......................... 38
1.6.6 Summary ......................................... 38
2 Xml essential grammar ....................................... 39
2.1 Xml tags ............................................... 41
2.2 Xml elements ........................................... 41
2.2.1 Element attributes .............................. 42
2.2.2 Property listing and nesting .................... 42
2.2.3 Property and element tag names .................. 44
2.4 Xml document declaration ............................... 46
2.5 Character reference .................................... 48
2.6 Language processing instructions ....................... 49
2.7 Character data (CDATA) ................................. 50
2.8 Xml root element ....................................... 52
2.9 Xml trees and nodes .................................... 53
2.10 Document type definition and schema .................... 56
2.10.1 Internal document type definition (dtd) ......... 56
2.10.2 External document type definition (dtd) ......... 60
2.10.3 Xml schema definition (xsd) ..................... 63
2.10.4 Loss of freedom ................................. 64
2.11 Xml namespaces ......................................... 64
2.12 Xml formatting of computer language instructions ....... 67
3 Xml data processing with xsl ................................ 71
3.1 Xsl processors ......................................... 71
3.2 The main program ....................................... 73
3.2.1 Xsl code ........................................ 73
3.2.2 Root template ................................... 74
3.2.3 Processing with the xsltproc processor .......... 75
3.2.4 Processing with a web browser ................... 75
3.2.5 Comments ........................................ 76
3.2.6 File name conventions ........................... 77
3.2.7 Inverting namespaces ............................ 77
3.3 for-each loops ......................................... 78
3.4 Extracting data with value-of .......................... 81
3.5 Repeated parsing ....................................... 84
3.6 Extracting element attributes .......................... 86
3.7 Conditional blocks ..................................... 89
3.8 Choose, when, and otherwise ............................ 91
3.9 Variables and parameters ............................... 92
3.10 Templates .............................................. 95
3.10.1 Matched templates ............................... 95
3.10.2 Named templates ................................ 101
3.10.3 Matched and named templates .................... 104
3.11 Splitting the code .................................... 106
3.12 Summary of xsl elements and functions ................. 107
3.12.1 Core functions ................................. 110
3.13 Passive processing and cascading stylesheets (ess) .... 111
4 Computing with xml/xsl ..................................... 113
4.1 Elementary operations .................................. 113
4.1.1 Using variables ................................ 115
4.1.2 Internal mathematical functions ................ 117
4.1.3 Formatting numbers in the output ...............
4.1.4 Maximum and minimum ............................ 120
4.1.5 Counting our blessings ......................... 121
4.2 Templates are user-defined functions and subroutines .. 121
4.2.1 Absolute value of a number ..................... 122
4.2.2 Binary representation of a fractional number ... 123
4.2.3 Binary representation of any number ............ 125
4.2.4 Hexadecimal representation of any number ....... 128
4.3 Further applications of Xslt templates ................ 131
4.3.1 Integral power of a number ..................... 131
4.3.2 Highest integer with a given number of bits .... 134
4.4 Square root of a number ............................... 140
4.5 Exponential of a number ............................... 145
4.6 Natural logarithm of a number ......................... 148
4.7 Recursive sequences ................................... 151
4.8 Greatest common divisor of two integers ............... 153
4.9 Student roster ........................................ 157
5 Producing and importing xml data ........................... 164
5.1 Fortran ............................................... 165
5.2 Perl .................................................. 174
5.2.1 XML::Simple .................................... 175
5.2.2 Roots of an equation ........................... 177
5.2.3 Real, imaginary, and complex roots ............. 181
5.2.4 Molecules ...................................... 182
5.2.5 Shapes ......................................... 187
5.2.6 Converting perl structures to xml data ......... 190
5.3 С++ ................................................... 191
5.4 Matlab® ............................................... 195
5.4.1 Generating xml data ............................ 195
5.4.2 Using Java to generate xml output .............. 198
5.4.3 Importing an xml document as a Java object ..... 201
5.4.4 Arranging xml data into Matlab structures ...... 202
5.4.5 Navigating through an xml tree ................. 206
5.4.6 Summary and toolboxes .......................... 207
A ASCII code ................................................. 209
В Perl quick reference ....................................... 213
С Summary of xslt elements ................................... 222
C.l Stylesheet declaration, import, and inclusion ......... 222
C.2 Alternative code ...................................... 223
C.3 Output formatting ..................................... 224
C.4 Comments, messages, and text .......................... 226
C.5 Xml element manipulation .............................. 227
C.6 Logical constructs .................................... 228
С.7 Variables and parameters .............................. 229
С.8 Templates ............................................. 230
C.9 Sorting and ranking ................................... 232
D Functions called by xslt elements .......................... 233
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