Acknowledgments ................................................ ix
Tables and Figures .............................................. x
Conventions .................................................... xi
Introduction: The Han tree of knowledge ......................... i
Section 1: Connecting Han idea systems ...................... 6
Section 2. Metaphors they lived by ......................... 18
Section 3: Modifying our approach to the ancestral cults ... 34
Part I: An imaginary yardstick for ritual performance .......... 46
Section 4: Ritual texts as performance scripts ............. 48
Section 5: The experience of performance ................... 52
Section 6: The framing techniques of performance ........... 55
Section 7: The microcosm created by performance ............ 67
Section 8: Do we trust these ritual prescriptions? ......... 74
Part II: A history of remembering and forgetting imperial
ancestors ..................................................... 102
Section 9: The Second Emperor of Qin's ritually correct
shrine (209 BCE) ............................... 104
Section 10: The ancestral perpetuity of Emperor Wen
(157 BCE) ...................................... 108
Section 11: Emperor Wu's wine-tribute scandal (112 BCE) .... 114
Section 12: Emperor Xuan's sacrifice to his "ancestors"
(65 BCE) ....................................... 123
Section 13: Kuang Heng's support for a closed system of
worship (48-43 BCE) ............................ 130
Section 14: Liu Xin's opposition to a closed system of
worship (6-1 BCE) .............................. 135
Section 15: The ancestral shrine of Wang Mang (20 CE) ...... 141
Section 16: The Guangwu Restoration and shrine
reconfiguration (43 CE) ........................ 147
Section 17: The imperial mourning shed of Chancellor
Jing (143 CE) .................................. 156
Section 18: Empress Liang's attempt to rearrange the
ancestral order (145 CE) ....................... 165
Section 19: The court's debate on remembering Empress Dou
(172 CE) ....................................... 169
Section 20: Cai Yong's reform in the waning Han (190 CE) ... 174
Section 21: The Wei Dynasty's resurrection of the Zhou
ideal (237 CE) ................................. 178
Part III: A spectrum of interpretations on afterlife
existence ..................................................... 184
Section 22: The do ut des relationship ..................... 187
Section 23: The sincere sacrificer ......................... 195
Section 24: The mental bridge between sacrificer
and sacrifice recipient ........................ 201
Section 25: The thought-full sacrifice recipient ........... 207
Section 26: The complete denial of ancestral existence ..... 219
Part IV: The context of early Chinese performative thinking ... 229
Section 27: The Han theory of performative thinking ........ 234
Section 28: The Han application of performative thinking ... 251
Part V: The symbolic language of fading memories .............. 280
Section 29: The symbol cluster of darkness on the edge ..... 284
Section 30: The symbol cluster of light in the CEnter ...... 301
Section 31: Acknowledging the gray in-between .............. 332
Conclusion .................................................... 346
Reference Matter
Notes ......................................................... 351
Works Cited ................................................... 439
Index ......................................................... 465
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