Preface ........................................................ xi
1 INTRODUCTION .............................................. xiii
1.1 Frequency. Hertz ..................................... xiii
1.2 Time. Second .......................................... xiv
1.3 Wavelength. Metres ..................................... xv
1.4 Wavenumber. Inverse metres ............................. xv
1.5 Powers of ten ......................................... xvi
1.6 Quantities, symbols, units, dimensions ................ xvi
1.7 What lies ahead ..................................... xviii
1.8 Summary ............................................... xix
Part I Basics .................................................. l
2 OSCILLATIONS ................................................. 3
2.1 Describing oscillations ................................. 4
2.2 Compact notation ....................................... 11
2.3 The time-bandwidth theorem ............................. 15
2.4 The Fourier theorem .................................... 18
2.5 Summary ................................................ 23
2.6 Table of symbols, Chapter 2 ............................ 24
3 COMBINING OSCILLATIONS ...................................... 25
3.1 Oscillations in the same direction ..................... 26
3.2 Oscillations in two dimensions ......................... 36
3.3 Jones notation ......................................... 48
3.4 Summary ................................................ 52
3.5 Table of symbols, Chapter 3 ............................ 53
4 LIGHT ....................................................... 54
4.1 Photons ................................................ 55
4.2 Electromagnetic waves .................................. 56
4.3 Describing waves ....................................... 60
4.4 Describing electromagnetic waves ....................... 62
4.5 Polarisation ........................................... 64
4.6 Blackbody radiation .................................... 65
4.7 Summary ................................................ 72
4.8 Table of symbols, Chapter 4 ............................ 73
5 MATTER ...................................................... 74
5.1 Wave mechanics ......................................... 74
5.2 The Schrodinger equation ............................... 75
5.3 Free particle .......................................... 77
5.4 Infinitely high, square potential well ................. 80
5.5 Finite, square potential well .......................... 84
5.6 Multiple, finite, square potential wells ............... 86
5.7 Oscillations of molecules .............................. 87
5.8 Summary ................................................ 96
5.9 Table of symbols, Chapter 5 ............................ 97
6 INTERACTION OF LIGHT AND MATTER ............................. 98
6.1 A static electric field in a region of space ........... 99
6.2 Electromagnetic waves in matter ....................... 101
6.3 Interaction of light and matter - harmonic
oscillator model ...................................... 104
6.4 Electromagnetic waves in an insulator ................. 112
6.5 Electromagnetic waves in a conductor .................. 113
6.6 Electromagnetic waves at an interface ................. 118
6.7 Summary ............................................... 122
6.8 Table of symbols, Chapter 6 ........................... 123
Part II Components ........................................... 125
7 SOURCES .................................................... 127
7.1 Survey of sources of terahertz-frequency
electromagnetic radiation ............................. 128
7.2 Electromagnetic radiation from free charges - vacuum
electronics ........................................... 129
7.3 Electromagnetic radiation from bound states - lasers .. 140
7.4 Sources based on vacuum electronics ................... 144
7.5 Laser sources ......................................... 146
7.6 Sources driven by continuous lasers ................... 149
7.7 Sources driven by pulsed lasers ....................... 151
7.8 Summary ............................................... 160
7.9 Table of symbols, Chapter 7 ........................... 161
8 OPTICS ..................................................... 162
8.1 Quasi-optics .......................................... 163
8.2 Mirrors ............................................... 166
8.3 Lenses ................................................ 174
8.4 Lightpipes and waveguides ............................. 180
8.5 Prisms ................................................ 180
8.6 Attenuators ........................................... 183
8.7 Filters ............................................... 183
8.8 Windows ............................................... 185
8.9 Polarisers ............................................ 186
8.10 Summary ............................................... 188
8.11 Table of symbols, Chapter 8 ........................... 189
9 DETECTORS .................................................. 190
9.1 Detector parameters ................................... 191
9.2 Thermal detectors ..................................... 195
9.3 Electro-optic detectors ............................... 200
9.4 Photoconductive detectors ............................. 201
9.5 Summary ............................................... 202
9.6 Table of symbols, Chapter 9 ........................... 203
Part III Applications ........................................ 205
10 SPECTROSCOPY ............................................... 207
10.1 Monochromatic sources ................................. 209
10.2 Dispersive spectroscopy ............................... 210
10.3 Interferometry ........................................ 216
10.4 Time-domain spectroscopy .............................. 223
10.5 Summary ............................................... 230
10.6 Table of symbols, Chapter 10 .......................... 231
11 IMAGING .................................................... 232
11.1 Passive imaging ....................................... 234
11.2 Raster imaging ........................................ 239
11.3 Focal plane array imaging ............................. 242
11.4 Near-field imaging .................................... 242
11.5 Tomography ............................................ 246
11.6 Summary ............................................... 250
11.7 Table of symbols, Chapter 11 .......................... 251
Appendix A Prefixes .......................................... 253
Appendix В Mathematical symbols .............................. 254
Appendix С Mathematics ....................................... 257
Appendix D Further reading ................................... 262
Glossary ...................................................... 263
Index ......................................................... 271
|
