Introduction .................................................. xi
Introduction to the Third Revised Edition .................... xvii
LESSON 1
Basic Sentences: 'Saying the Right Thing ........................ 1
Structure Notes ................................................. 3
1.1 Pronunciation .......... 3
1.2 Rhythm ................. 4
1.3 Syllables .............. 5
1.4 Voicing ................ 6
1.5 Vowels ................. 8
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1.6 Vowels in sequence .... 11
1.7 Consonants ............ 14
1.8 Flapped R ............. 21
1.9 Syllabic nasal ........ 23
1.10 Accent ................ 26
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Exercises ...................................................... 32
Pronunciation Check Points ..................................... 34
LESSON 2
Basic Sentences: "What and Where? .............................. 39
Structure Notes ................................................ 41
2.1 Nouns ................. 41
2.2 Prenouns .............. 41
2.S Place words ........... 41
2.4 Copular noun .......... 42
2.5 Untranslated
English words ......... 43
2.6 Particles ............. 44
2.7 Particle wa ........... 44
2.8 Particle ga ........... 44
2.9 Particle ka ........... 46
2.10 Particle no ........... 46
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2.11 Particle ni ........... 47
2.12 Words meaning 'is' .... 48
2.13 Inflected words ....... 49
2.14 Sentence types ........ 50
2.15 Words of related
reference ............. 50
2.16 Words for
restaurant and
hotel ................. 52
2.17 Words for toilet ...... 53
2.18 The word for 'what' ... 53
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Exercises ...................................................... 54
Comprehension .................................................. 55
LESSON 3
Basic Sentences: 'Things To Do' ................................ 57
Structure Notes ................................................ 59
3.1 Time words ............ 59
3.2 Nouns with and
without particles ..... 61
3.3 Particles kara,
made .................. 62
3.4 Particle ne ........... 64
3.5 Particle de ........... 65
3.6 Particle .............. 66
3.7 Particle to meaning
'with' and 'and' ...... 67
3.8 Expressions for
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accompaniment ......... 69
3.9 Verbs, polite moods ... 69
3.10 Uses of the gerund .... 71
3.11 Use of the
imperfect, perfect,
and tentative moods ... 73
3.12 Negatives ............. 74
3.13 Words for 'work' ...... 75
3.14 Verbal nouns .......... 75
3.15 Going in vehicles ..... 76
3.16 'As soon as' .......... 76
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Exercises ...................................................... 76
Comprehension .................................................. 78
LESSON 4
Basic Sentences: 'The Weather' ................................. 80
Structure Notes ................................................ 83
4.1 Adjectives ............ 83
4.2 Plain and polite
forms ................. 85
4.3 Shapes of the plain
forms ................. 86
4.4 Learning the forms .... 90
4.5 Irregular verbs ....... 92
4.6 Adjectives and the
copula ................ 94
4.7 Uses of the plain
imperfect and
perfect ............... 96
4.8 Uses of the
infinitive ............ 98
4.9 The plain negative ... 102
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4.10 The particle mo ...... 103
4.11 Particle to meaning
'when' ............... 103
4.12 Particle kara
meaning 'since'
and 'because' ........ 105
4.13 Multiple particles ... 106
4.14 Kotó ................. 108
4.15 Tsumori .............. 111
4.16 More adverbs ......... 112
4.17 More gerund
expressions.
Errands .............. 113
4.18 Gerund+iru ........... 115
4.19 Asobu ................ 117
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Exercises ..................................................... 117
Comprehension ................................................. 120
LESSON 5
Basic Sentences: 'Business' ................................... 122
Structure Notes ............................................... 127
5.1 Modifiers ............ 127
5.2 Adjective modifier
clauses .............. 132
5.3 Copula modifier
clauses .............. 135
5.4 Copular nouns in
modifier clauses ..... 185
5.5 The noun no .......... 138
5.6 No desu .............. 139
5.7 Verb+deshō ........... 141
5.8 Ka nḗ ................ 144
5.9 No de ................ 144
5.10 No ni ................ 145
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5.11 Plain negative ...... 147
5.12 Negative
infinitive .......... 149
5.13 Imperfect
negative+de ......... 150
5.14 Hazu ................ 151
5.15 Tokoro .............. 152
5.16 Verbs for leaving ... 154
5.17 Máe ni and áto de ... 155
5.18 Máde and uchi ....... 158
5.19 Verbs meaning
'knows' ............. 159
Talking a language ....... 161
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Exercises ..................................................... 161
Comprehension ................................................. 167
LESSON 6
Basic Sentences: 'Shopping" ................................... 122
Structure Notes ............................................... 127
6.1 Numerals and
numbers .............. 174
6.2 Other quantity
words ................ 175
6.3 Use of numbers and
quantity words ....... 176
6.4 Primary and
secondary numerals ... 177
6.5 Primary numerals ..... 178
6.6 Arithmetic ........... 179
6.7 Counters ............. 180
6.8 Sound changes ........ 182
6.9 Secondary numerals ... 185
6.10 Secondary counters ... 186
6.11 Counting people ...... 186
6.12 Counting birds ....... 187
6.13 Counting days ........ 187
6.14 Names of the
months ............... 189
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6.15 Giving dates ......... 190
6.16 Telling time ......... 190
6.17 Gurai and goro ....... 191
6.18 Particle ya .......... 191
6.19 Nádo, nánka .......... 192
6.20 Particle ka
meaning 'or' ......... 193
6.21 Particles wa and
о with Ikaga desu
ka? .................. 194
6.22 Hitotsu .............. 194
6.23 'Only'—daké and
shika ................ 195
6.24 Approximate
numbers .............. 197
6.25 Fractions ............ 198
6.26 Percentage ........... 199
6.27 Multiples ............ 199
Zutsu ..................... 199
Góto ni, óki ni ........... 201
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Exercises ..................................................... 201
Comprehension ................................................. 204
LESSON 7
Basic Sentences: 'Life in Japan" .............................. 122
Structure Notes ............................................... 127
7.1 Quotations .......... 212
7.2 To iu ................ 216
7.3 The plain
tentative ............ 219
7.4 Tentative+to (ni)
suru ................. 222
7.5 Noun-fto shite ....... 223
7.6 Gerund-l-míru ........ 223
7.7 Desideratives ........ 224
7.8 Alternative
questions ............ 228
7.9 Yṓ ................... 233
7.10 Quoting requests ..... 237
7.11 Particle yo .......... 239
7.12 Miéru and kikoeru .... 240
7.13 Prenouns-ni .......... 241
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7.14 Gerund+áru ........... 241
7.15 The noun hó .......... 242
7.16 Comparisons .......... 244
7.17 Questions with
comparisons .......... 250
7.18 Ichiban .............. 251
7.19 Ordinal numbers ...... 252
7.20 Particle hodo and
negative
comparisons .......... 252
7.21 Naruhodo ............. 254
7.22 Bákari ............... 254
7.23 Mamá ................. 256
7.24 Onaji ................ 256
7.25 Clothing ............. 257
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Exercises ..................................................... 259
Comprehension ................................................. 265
LESSON 8
Basic Sentences: 'Telephone calls" ............................ 122
Structure Notes ............................................... 127
8.1 Interrogatives+ka
and mo ............... 274
8.2 Gerund+mo ............ 282
8.3 Interrogative+
gerund+mo ............ 284
8.4 The provisional
mood ................. 288
8.5 ObUgation ............ 291
8.6 Permission ........... 292
8.7 Denial of
permission=
prohibition .......... 292
8.8 Denial of
obligation ........... 293
8.9 Obligation,
prohibition,
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permission:
summary .............. 294
8.10 The conditional
mood: forms .......... 209
8.11 The conditional
mood: uses ........... 209
8.12 Advice ............... 305
8.13 'had better' ......... 307
8.14 The practice cae ..... 308
8.15 the explicit use
of ni ................ 311
8.16 'The more....the
more' ............... 313
8.17 The particle shi ..... 314
8.18 Correlative
compounds ............ 317
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Exercises ..................................................... 318
Comprehension ................................................. 322
LESSON 9
Basic Sentences: 'A Polite conversation" ...................... 324
Structure Notes ............................................... 328
9.1 Status words:
humble, neutral,
exalted .............. 328
9.2 Kinship terms ....... 329
9.3 Other nouns .......... 330
9.4 Honorific prefixes ... 331
9.5 Honorific suffixes ... 332
9.6 Verbs: the
honorific
infinitive ........... 332
9.7 Special honorific
verbs ................ 335
9.8 Mōshiageru ........... 339
9.9 Inflection of
irregular exalted
verbs ................ 340
9.10 Special
inflections of
-másu ................ 340
9.11 Use of humble
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verbs ................ 341
9.12 Adjectives ........... 343
9.13 Formation of the
adjective
honorific
infinitive ........... 345
9.14 Summary of
honorific
predicates ........... 347
9.15 Uses of gozáru ....... 348
9.16 Uses of irassháru .... 350
9.17 Oide ................. 351
9.18 Verbs for giving ..... 354
9.19 Favors ............... 357
9.20 Requests ............. 363
9.21 Answers to
negative questions ... 364
9.22 The specific
plural ............... 365
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Exercises ..................................................... 367
Comprehension ................................................. 370
LESSON 10
Basic Sentences: 'Womantalk' .................................. 324
Structure Notes ............................................... 328
10.1 Sṓ desu .............. 378
10.2 Bound form
ad 'appearance' ...... 379
10.3 Rashíi ............... 381
10.4 Expressions
meaning 'like' ....... 385
10.5 The alternative ...... 388
10.6 -nágara .............. 385
10.7 Áru with people ...... 387
10.8 Kotó ni sum.
Kotó ni nam .......... 388
10.9 Shimau and oku ....... 389
10.10 Wake ................ 390
10.11 Double negatives .... 391
10.12 Ni chigai nái ....... 392
10.13 Ni tsúite and
ni yotte ............ 393
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10.14 Causative,
passive, and
passive causative
verbs ............... 395
10.15 Use of the
causative ........... 397
10.16 Uses of the
passive ............. 400
10.17 Use of the
passive
causative ........... 403
10.18 The potential ....... 404
10.19 Ka mo shirenái ...... 407
10.20 Ka shira ............ 408
10.21 Desiderative
verbs ............... 409
10.22 Monó desu ........... 410
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Exercises ..................................................... 412
Comprehension ................................................. 415
Appendix I. Other Styles of Speech ............................ 418
1 The impersonal style .................................... 418
2 The plain style ......................................... 420
3 The modern literary style ............................... 427
Appendix II. Accent Patterns .................................. 429
Key to Exercises .............................................. 434
Additional Accent Practice..................................... 456
Index of Structure Notes....................................... 457
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