Alexeev A.D. Physics of coal and mining processes. - Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2012. - xiii, 369 p.: ill. - Incl. bibl. ref. - Ind.: p.359-369. - ISBN 978-1-4398-7634-3  Место хранения:   06 | Якутский научный центр СО РАН | Якутск | Центральная научная библиотека Якутского научного центра СО РАН

Оглавление / Contents

Foreword ...................................................... vii Preface ........................................................ ix Acknowledgments ................................................ xi Author ....................................................... xiii 1 Coal Structure ............................................... 1 1.1 Genesis of Coal Substance ............................... 2 1.2 Elemental Composition of Coals .......................... 5 1.3 Structure of Organic Mass ............................... 8 1.4 X-Ray Studies .......................................... 17 1.4.1 Literature Review ............................... 17 1.4.2 Structural Peculiarities of Coal-Methane System .......................................... 31 1.4.3 New Approach to Analyzing Coal via Scattering X-Ray Investigation ............................. 37 1.4.3.1 Materials and Methods .................. 41 1.4.3.2 Results and Discussion ................. 42 1.4.4 Conclusions ..................................... 53 1.5 Porosity ............................................... 53 1.5.1 General Characteristics ......................... 54 1.5.2 Neutron Scattering .............................. 59 1.5.3 Fractality ...................................... 63 1.5.4 Closed Porosity of Donbass Coals ................ 69 1.6 Conclusions ............................................ 78 References .................................................. 80 2 Equilibrium Phase States and Mass Transfer in Coal-Methane Systems ..................................................... 87 2.1 Equilibrium and Dynamics of Mass Exchange between Sorbed and Free Methane ................................ 87 2.1.1 Gaseous State of Methane in System of Opened and Closed Pores ................................ 87 2.1.2 Solid Solution of Methane in Coal: Absorption and Adsorption .................................. 90 2.1.3 Diffusion of Methane from Coal Lumps into Filtration Volume: Efficient Diffusion Coefficient ..................................... 93 2.2 Joint Flow of Filtration and Diffusion Processes in Coal Massifs ........................................... 94 2.2.1 Double-Time Models of Mass Transfer: Fast 'and Slow Methane .................................... 94 2.2.2 Methane Escaping from Coal into Closed Volume: Role of Backpressure ............................ 98 2.2.3 Methane Flow from Coal Seam into Worked-Out Space .......................................... 104 2.3 Methane Accumulation in Dangerous Coal Lump Regions ... 107 2.3.1 Time for Formation of Highly Explosive Methane-Air Mixture ............................ 107 2.3.2 Thermodynamic Gibbs Potential for Gas-Coal Massif: Prognosis for Localization of Coal Burst Sections of Seam ......................... 111 2.4 Investigation of Phase State and Desorption Mechanisms of Methane in Coal ......................... 114 2.4.1 Methane Phase States in Coal ................... 115 2.4.2 Kinetics and Mechanisms of Methane Desorption from Coal ...................................... 126 2.4.3 Transformation of Methane Desorption Mechanism: Three Stages of Desorption .......... 140 2.5 Conclusions ........................................... 143 References ................................................. 144 3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Coal and Rocks ....... 147 3.1 Experimental Techniques ............................... 147 3.1.1 High Resolution Spectrometers .................. 147 3.1.2 Wide Line Spectrometers ........................ 148 3.1.3 High Pressure Technique ........................ 151 3.2 Coal Structure Research ............................... 157 3.2.1 Determining Structural Components of Coals through 1H NMR Data ............................ 157 3.2.2 Application of 13C NMR for Analyzing Coal Structures ..................................... 158 3.2.3 Research of Donets Basin Coals ................. 160 3.3 Phase States of Water and Methane in Coal ............. 161 3.3.1 Water-Coal Adsorption .......................... 163 3.3.2 Adsorption by Impulse NMR ...................... 170 3.3.3 Water in Rocks ................................. 182 3.3.4 Methane in Coal ................................ 187 3.4 Phase State of Binding in Rocks ....................... 195 3.4.1 Polymer Compositions in Coals .................. 195 3.4.2 Binding in Rocks ............................... 200 3.5 Conclusions ........................................... 209 References ................................................. 210 4 Behaviors of Rocks and Coals in Volumetric Fields of Compressive Stresses ....................................... 215 4.1 Experimental Technique ................................ 215 4.1.1 Literature Review .............................. 216 4.1.2 True Triaxial Compression Unit ................. 220 4.2 Strength Properties of Rocks Treated by Different Binders ............................................... 226 4.2.1 Experimental Methods and Estimates of Strengthening .................................. 227 4.2.2 Width of Fissure Openings ...................... 229 4.2.3 Moisture of Rocks under Strengthening .......... 230 4.2.4 Temperature of Surroundings .................... 232 4.2.5 Conclusions .................................... 233 4.3 Influence of Loading Method and Loading History on Volumetric Strength ................................... 234 4.3.1 Loading Method ................................. 234 4.3.2 Loading History ................................ 237 4.3.3 Conclusions .................................... 240 4.4 Coal Destruction ...................................... 240 4.4.1 Mechanism of Coal Destruction .................. 241 4.4.2 Filtration Properties .......................... 249 4.4.3 Changes of Fissured and Porous Structures ...... 252 4.5 Limit State ........................................... 254 4.6 Post-Limit State ...................................... 261 4.6.1 Essence of Problem ............................. 262 4.6.2 Post-Limit Deformation under True Triaxial Compression .................................... 264 4.7 Conclusions ........................................... 272 References ................................................. 273 5 Genesis of Natural Gases, Methane Extraction, and Coal Mining Safety .............................................. 277 5.1 Genesis of Gases in Coal-Bearing Series ............... 277 5.1.1 Methane Isotopic Analysis: Literature Review ... 278 5.1.2 Methane Isotopic Analysis: Experiment and Discussion ..................................... 279 5.1.3 Mossbauer Spectroscopy ......................... 282 5.1.4 Stoichiometry of Reaction ...................... 285 5.1.5 Conclusions .................................... 287 5.2 Dependence of Outburst Proneness on Mineral Inclusions ............................................ 288 5.2.1 Experiments and Discussion ..................... 288 5.2.2 Conclusions .................................... 292 5.3 Electromagnetic Method of Seam Degassing .............. 292 5.3.1 Electric Dipole ................................ 301 5.3.2 Magnetic Dipole ................................ 302 5.3.3 Conclusions .................................... 303 5.4 Physics of Fissured Porous Coal Structure Transformation under Influence of Unloading Wave ...... 303 5.4.1 Influence of Gas Content on Stability of Coal- Gas System ............................... 304 5.4.2 Modeling of Porous Medium ...................... 308 5.4.3 Movement of Wave of Unloading .................. 310 5.4.4 Transformation of Pores into Fissures .......... 316 5.5 Classification of Gas-Dynamic Phenomenon Type ......... 318 5.5.1 Criteria of GDP ................................ 320 5.5.2 Parameters and Technology of Method ............ 324 5.6 Predicting Coal Seam and Sandstone Outburst Danger .... 327 5.6.1 Outburst Dangers of Coal Seams ................. 327 5.6.1.1 Criteria for Outburst Danger .......... 327 5.6.1.2 Criteria for Outburst Estimation ...... 327 5.6.1.3 Grounding and Testing of Outburst Prediction Method at Openings of Steep Seams ........................... 332 5.6.2 Rock and Gas Outbursts ......................... 335 5.7 Safe Extraction of Coal ............................... 341 5.7.1 Outburst Control Measures ...................... 341 5.7.2 Safe Load on Working Face ...................... 349 5.8 Conclusions ........................................... 351 References ................................................. 351 Index ......................................................... 359