Introduction .................................................... 9
Theoretical Geology - The Gap Between Empirical And
Mathematical Geology ........................................... 13
1 Introduction ................................................ 14
2 Empirical geology ........................................... 15
3 Mathematical geology ........................................ 21
4 The paradox ................................................. 21
5 Theoretical geology ......................................... 25
6 Discussion/conclusions ...................................... 27
7 Planned research/recommendations ............................ 29
The Aitchison geometry of the simplex and the statistical
analysis of compositional data ................................. 31
1 Introduction ................................................ 31
2 Theoretical considerations .................................. 35
3 The principle of working on coordinates ..................... 42
4 Probability distributions and Aitchison geometry ............ 43
5 Example 1: Genetic hypothesis (Hardy-Weinberg-Law) .......... 46
6 Example 2: Progressive chemical weathering profile .......... 50
7 Conclusions ................................................. 56
Statistical Variation in Fission Track Dating ................. 61
1 Introduction ................................................ 62
2 Sample and Experimental Setting ............................. 62
3 Methodology ................................................. 64
4 Results ..................................................... 65
5 Discussion .................................................. 72
6 Summary ..................................................... 74
A Comparison of Covariance Matching Constrained Kriging with
Estimation and Simulation ...................................... 77
1 Introduction ................................................ 77
2 Methodology ................................................. 79
3 Case Study .................................................. 81
4 Conclusions ................................................. 86
Vectorization of raster images with special emphasis on
orientation images ............................................. 89
1 Introduction ................................................ 89
2 Primary algorithm ........................................... 92
3 Data structure .............................................. 93
4 Algorithm in detail ......................................... 94
5 Practical application to an orientation image of EBSD data .. 98
6 Results and discussion ..................................... 100
7 Conclusion ................................................. 102
Local terrain variables used for predictive vegetation types
of three Brazilian biomes ..................................... 105
Introduction .................................................. 106
2 Material and methods ....................................... 109
3 Results and Discussion ..................................... 118
4 General Analyses ........................................... 125
5 Conclusion ................................................. 128
A Comparison of Simulation Models on the bases of Tenth SPE
Comparative Solution Project .................................. 133
1 Introduction ............................................... 133
2 Description of models ...................................... 134
3 Geological modelling ....................................... 134
4 Results and discussions .................................... 138
5 Summary of results ......................................... 144
6 Conclusions and recommendations ............................ 145
Characterizing spatial and temporal rainfall events in arid
environments of Jordan ........................................ 147
1 Introduction ............................................... 148
2 Data and method of analysis ................................ 149
3 Results and Discussion ..................................... 154
4 Conclusion ................................................. 155
Groundwater level fluctuations and future predictions of the
Alluvial Aquifer, Pakistan .................................... 159
1 Site description and hydogeology ........................... 160
2 Model setup ................................................ 160
3 Calibration and Verification ............................... 162
4 Model Execution and analysis ............................... 164
5 Comparison among past, present, and future groundwater
flow regimes (3D cross section) ............................ 167
6 Concluding remarks ......................................... 168
Dissolution of an isolated fracture ........................... 171
1 Introduction ............................................... 172
2 Theoretical Formulation .................................... 174
3 Results and discussions .................................... 177
4 Conclusions ................................................ 182
Contributors .................................................. 185
Acknowledgements .............................................. 186
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