| Zhang M.Q. Self-healing polymers and polymer composites / M.Q.Zhang, M.Z.Rong. - Hoboken: Wiley, 2011. - xii, 416 p., [8] p. col. plates: ill. (some col.). - Incl. bibl. ref. - Ind.: p.409-416. - ISBN 978-0-470-49712-8
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Preface ........................................................ ix
1 Basics of Self-Healing: State of the Art ..................... 1
1.1 Background .............................................. 1
1.1.1 Adhesive Bonding for Healing Thermosetting
Materials ........................................ 2
1.1.2 Fusion Bonding for Healing Thermoplastic
Materials ........................................ 5
1.1.3 Bioinspired Self-Healing ......................... 7
1.2 Intrinsic Self-Healing ................................. 11
1.2.1 Self-Healing Based on Physical Interactions ..... 11
1.2.2 Self-Healing Based on Chemical Interactions ..... 18
1.2.3 Self-Healing Based on Supramolecular
Interactions .................................... 26
1.3 Extrinsic Self-Healing ................................. 30
1.3.1 Self-Healing in Terms of Healant Loaded
Pipelines ....................................... 30
1.3.2 Self-Healing in Terms of Healant Loaded
Microcapsules ................................... 36
1.4 Insights for Future Work ............................... 50
References .................................................. 62
2 Theoretical Consideration and Modeling ...................... 83
2.1 Molecular Mechanisms ................................... 85
2.1.1 Self-Healing Below Glass Transition
Temperature ..................................... 85
2.1.2 Self-Healing Above Glass Transition
Temperature ..................................... 87
2.2 Healing Modeling ....................................... 92
2.2.1 Percolation Modeling ............................ 92
2.2.2 Continuum and Molecular-Level Modeling of
Fatigue Crack Retardation ....................... 95
2.2.3 Continuum Damage and Healing Mechanics .......... 97
2.2.4 Discrete Element Modeling and Numerical Study ... 98
2.3 Design of Self-Healing Composites ..................... 100
2.3.1 Entropy Driven Self-Assembly of Nanoparticles .. 100
2.3.2 Optimization of Microvascular Networks ......... 103
2.4 Concluding Remarks .................................... 105
References ................................................. 106
3 Extrinsic Self-Healing via Addition Polymerization ......... 111
3.1 Design and Selection of Healing System ................ 112
3.2 Microencapsulation of Mercaptan and Epoxy by in situ
Polymerization ........................................ 115
3.2.1 Microencapsulation of Mercaptan ................ 115
3.2.2 Microencapsulation of Epoxy .................... 122
3.3 Characterization of Self-Healing Functionality ........ 126
3.3.1 Self-Healing Epoxy Materials with Embedded
Dual Encapsulated Healant: Healing of Crack
Due to Monotonie Fracture ...................... 126
3.3.2 Factors Related to Performance Improvement ..... 132
3.3.3 Self-Healing Epoxy Materials with Embedded
Dual Encapsulated Healant: Healing of Fatigue
Crack .......................................... 142
3.3.4 Self-Healing Epoxy/Glass Fabric Composites
with Embedded Dual Encapsulated Healant:
Healing of Impact Damage ....................... 154
3.4 Concluding Remarks .................................... 161
References ................................................. 162
4 Extrinsic Self-Healing via Cationic Polymerization ......... 167
4.1 Microencapsulation of Epoxy by UV Irradiation-
Induced Interfacial Copolymerization .................. 170
4.2 Encapsulation of Boron-Containing Curing Agent ........ 186
4.2.1 Loading Boron-Containing Curing Agent onto
Porous Media ................................... 186
4.2.2 Microencapsulation of Boron-Containing Curing
Agent via Hollow Capsules Approach ............. 189
4.3 Characterization of Self-Healing Functionality ........ 202
4.3.1 Self-Healing Epoxy Materials with Embedded
Epoxy-Loaded Microcapsules and (C2H5)2O-BF3-
Loaded Sisal ................................... 202
4.3.2 Self-Healing Epoxy Materials with Embedded
Dual Encapsulated Healant ...................... 211
4.4 Concluding Remarks .................................... 220
References ................................................. 221
5 Extrinsic Self-Healing via Anionic Polymerization .......... 227
5.1 Preparation of Epoxy-Loaded Microcapsules and Latent
Hardener .............................................. 230
5.1.1 Microencapsulation of Epoxy by in situ
Condensation ................................... 230
5.1.2 Preparation of Imidazole Latent Hardener ....... 234
5.2 Self-Healing Epoxy Materials with Embedded Epoxy-
Loaded Microcapsules and Latent Hardener .............. 236
5.3 Self-Healing Epoxy/Woven Glass Fabric Composites
with Embedded Epoxy-Loaded Microcapsules and Latent
Hardener: Healing of Interlaminar Failure ............. 243
5.4 Durability of Healing Ability ......................... 254
5.5 Self-Healing Epoxy/Woven Glass Fabric Composites
with Embedded Epoxy-Loaded Microcapsules and Latent
Hardener: Healing of Impact Damage .................... 262
5.6 Concluding Remarks .................................... 275
References ................................................. 276
6 Extrinsic Self-Healing via Miscellaneous Reactions ......... 281
6.1 Extrinsic Self-Healing via Nucleophilic Addition and
Ring-Opening Reactions ................................ 283
6.1.1 Microencapsulation of GMA by in situ
Polymerization ................................. 283
6.1.2 Self-Healing Epoxy Materials with Embedded
Single-Component Healant ....................... 289
6.2 Extrinsic Self-Healing via Living Polymerization ...... 301
6.2.1 Preparation of Living PMMA and Its Composites
with GMA-Loaded Microcapsules .................. 302
6.2.2 Characterization of Self-Healing
Functionality .................................. 305
6.3 Extrinsic Self-Healing via Free Radical
Polymerization ........................................ 315
6.3.1 Microencapsulation of Styrene and ВРО .......... 315
6.3.2 Self-Healing Performance of Epoxy Filled with
Dual Capsules .................................. 321
6.4 Concluding Remarks .................................... 324
References ................................................. 325
7 Intrinsic Self-Healing via Diels-Alder Reaction ............ 329
7.1 Molecular Design and Synthesis ........................ 331
7.1.1 Synthesis and Characterization of DGFA ......... 334
7.1.2 Reversibility of DA Bonds and Crack
Remendability of DGFA Based Polymer ............ 339
7.1.3 Synthesis and Characterization of FGE .......... 351
7.1.4 Reversibility of DA Bonds and Crack
Remendability of FGE-Based Polymer ............. 354
7.2 Blends of DGFA and FGE ................................ 363
7.2.1 Reversibility of DA Bonds ...................... 364
7.2.2 Crack Remendability of Cured DGFA/FGE Blends ... 369
7.3 Concluding Remarks .................................... 374
References ................................................. 375
8 Applications ............................................... 379
8.1 Coatings and Films .................................... 380
8.2 Elastomers ............................................ 386
8.3 Smart Composites ...................................... 388
8.4 Tires ................................................. 393
8.5 Concluding Remarks .................................... 395
References ................................................. 397
Appendix: Nomenclature ........................................ 403
Index ......................................................... 409
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