Preface ........................................................ ix
List of Abbreviations .......................................... xi
1 MILLIMETER WAVE CHARACTERISTICS .............................. 1
1.1 Millimeter Wave Characteristics ......................... 2
1.2 Channel Performance at 60 GHz ........................... 5
1.3 Gigabit Wireless Communications ........................ 11
1.4 Development of Millimeter Wave Standards ............... 16
1.5 Coexistence with Wireless Backhaul ..................... 24
References .................................................. 29
2 REVIEW OF MODULATIONS FOR MILLIMETER WAVE COMMUNICATIONS .... 33
2.1 On/Off Keying (OOK) .................................... 34
2.2 Phase Shiы Keying (PSK) ................................ 39
2.3 Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) ........................... 52
2.4 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) .................. 58
2.5 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) ...... 63
References .................................................. 68
3 MILLIMETER WAVE TRANSCEIVERS ................................ 71
3.1 Millimeter Wave Link Budget ............................ 71
3.2 Transceiver Architecture ............................... 74
3.3 Transceiver Without Mixer .............................. 80
3.4 Receiver Without Local Oscillator ...................... 86
3.5 Millimeter Wave Calibration ............................ 93
3.6 Research Trend: Transceiver Siliconization ............. 96
References
4 MILLIMETER WAVE ANTENNAS .................................... 99
4.1 Path Loss and Antenna Directivity ..................... 100
4.2 Antenna Beamwidth ..................................... 106
4.3 Maximum Possible Gain-to-Q ............................ 108
4.4 Polarization .......................................... 112
4.5 Beam Steering Antenna ................................. 120
4.6 Millimeter Wave Design Consideration .................. 124
4.7 Production and Manufacture ............................ 127
References ................................................. 129
5 MILLIMETER WAVE MIMO ....................................... 133
5.1 Spatial Diversity of Antenna Arrays ................... 134
5.2 Multiple Antennas ..................................... 138
5.3 Multiple Transceivers ................................. 144
5.4 Noise Coupling in a MIMO System ....................... 154
References ................................................. 159
6 ADVANCED DIVERSITY OVER MIMO CHANNELS ...................... 163
6.1 Potential Benefits for Millimeter Wave Systems ........ 164
6.2 Spatial and Temporal Diversity ........................ 165
6.3 Spatial and Frequency Diversity ....................... 171
6.4 Dynamic Spatial, Frequency, and Modulation
Allocation ............................................ 177
References ................................................. 184
7 ADVANCED BEAM STEERING AND BEAM FORMING .................... 187
7.1 The Need for Beam-Steering/Beam-Forming ............... 188
7.2 Adaptive Frame Structure .............................. 191
7.3 Advanced Beam Steering Technology ..................... 194
7.4 Advanced Antenna ID Technology ........................ 202
7.5 Advanced Beam Forming Technology ...................... 205
References ................................................. 214
8 SINGLE-CARRIER FREQUENCY DOMAIN EQUALIZATION ............... 217
8.1 Advantages of SC-FDE over OFDM for Millimeter Wave
Systems ............................................... 218
8.2 Preamble Design ....................................... 222
8.3 Adaptive Channel Estimation ........................... 226
8.4 Frequency Domain Equalization ......................... 231
8.5 Decision Feedback Equalization ........................ 235
References ................................................. 258
Appendix: Simulation Tools .................................... 261
Index ......................................................... 263
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