Preface ....................................................... vii
1 Introduction ................................................. 1
Gravity ...................................................... 1
Geomagnetism ................................................. 4
Seismology ................................................... 6
Heat flow ................................................... 10
Geochronology ............................................... 11
2 Gravity ..................................................... 13
Terrestrial geoid and ellipsoid ............................. 13
Earth's gravity field and potential ......................... 25
Gravity anomalies. Isostasy ................................. 53
Tides ....................................................... 95
Gravity observations ....................................... 116
3 Geomagnetism ............................................... 121
Main field ................................................. 121
Magnetic anomalies ......................................... 142
External magnetic field .................................... 156
Main (internal), external, and anomalous magnetic fields ... 174
Paleomagnetism ............................................. 201
4 Seismology ................................................. 208
Elasticity ................................................. 208
Wave propagation. Potentials and displacements ............. 211
Reflection and refraction .................................. 224
Ray theory. Constant and variable velocity ................. 243
Ray theory. Spherical media ................................ 277
Surface waves .............................................. 307
Focal parameters ........................................... 324
5 Heat flow and geochronology ................................ 335
Heat flow .................................................. 335
Geochronology .............................................. 345
Bibliography .................................................. 352
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