Preface ........................................................ ix
Acknowledgments ................................................ xi
ONE: What Indicators Indicate ................................ 1
TWO: Counting, Recounting, and Miscounting .................. 13
THREE: Measuring Accurately with Instruments .................. 35
FOUR: Rating, Scoring, and Ranking Reliably .................. 58
FIVE: How People React to Measurements ....................... 70
SIX: Why Performance Dashboards Mislead ..................... 82
SEVEN: Focusing Employees with Measurements .................. 103
EIGHT: Going Against the Flow: Navigating Changing Data
Streams ............................................... 127
NINE: How Averages Distort Indicators ....................... 158
TEN: Opposing Views: Are You Being Misled? ................. 186
ELEVEN: Misleading Ourselves with Measurements of Risk ........ 220
Notes ......................................................... 257
Bibliography .................................................. 269
Index ......................................................... 275
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