Preface ........................................................ vii
1 Introduction to the Cryosphere ................................ 1
2 Material Properties of Snow and Ice .......................... 11
3 Snow and Ice Thermodynamics .................................. 36
4 Seasonal Snow and Freshwater Ice ............................. 65
5 Sea Ice ..................................................... 104
6 Glaciers and Ice Sheets ..................................... 127
7 Permafrost .................................................. 165
8 Cryosphere-Climate Processes ................................ 180
9 The Cryosphere and Climate Change ........................... 201
Glossary ....................................................... 241
Notes .......................................................... 249
Annotated Bibliography ......................................... 251
Index .......................................................... 285
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