Preface ..................................................... XV
List of Contributors ....................................... XIX
1 Cecko-lnspired Nanomaterials ................................. 7
Christian Greiner
1.1 The Gecko and Its Adhesion Capabilities ................. 1
1.2 The Physics of Gecko Adhesion ........................... 4
1.3 Fabrication Methods for Gecko-Inspired Adhesives ........ 8
1.4 Measuring Adhesion ..................................... 17
1.5 What Have We Learned About Fibrillar Adhesives? ........ 22
1.6 Applications in the Life Sciences ...................... 30
1.7 Summary and Future Perspectives ........................ 33
References .................................................. 34
2 Tooth-Inspired Nanocomposites ............................... 41
Janet Moradian-Oldak and Yuwei Fan
2.1 Introduction ........................................... 41
2.2 Enamel ................................................. 45
2.3 Dentin ................................................. 64
2.4 Summary and Future Perspective ......................... 76
Acknowledgments ............................................. 77
Abbreviations ............................................... 77
References .................................................. 78
3 Bioinspired Nanomaterials for Tissue Engineering ............ 89
Andrew P. Loeffler and Peter X. Ma
3.1 Introduction ........................................... 89
3.2 Biomimetic Material Properties ......................... 91
3.3 Nanofiber Scaffold Fabrication Methods ................. 94
3.4 Modification of Nanofibrous Scaffolds ................. 103
3.5 Biological Effects of Nanofibers ...................... 110
3.6 Conclusions ........................................... 115
References ................................................. 116
4 Nature-Inspired Molecular Machines ......................... 725
Aitan Lawit, Bala Krishna Juluri, and Tony Jun Huang
4.1 Introduction .......................................... 125
4.2 Biological Molecular Machines ......................... 125
4.3 Biomimetic Molecular Machines ......................... 136
4.4 Conclusions ........................................... 146
4.5 Future Perspective .................................... 147
References ................................................. 147
5 Biomimetic and Bioinspired Self-Assembled Peptide
Nanostructures ............................................. 757
Francesco Pampaloni and Andrea Masotti
5.1 Introduction .......................................... 151
5.2 Peptide-Based Self-Assembling Nanomaterials ........... 152
5.3 Matrices for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative
Medicine .............................................. 164
5.4 Virus-Based and Virus-Inspired Nanomaterials .......... 177
5.5 Biomimetic Nanotubes .................................. 194
Acknowledgments ............................................ 200
Abbreviations 200 References ............................... 202
6 Bioinspired Layered Nanomaterials in Medical Therapy ....... 273
Jin-Ho Choy, Jae-Min Oh, Soo-Jin Choi, and Hyun Jung
6.1 Introduction .......................................... 213
6.2 Features of Layered Nanomaterials ..................... 214
6.3 Layered Nanomaterials in Medical Applications ......... 218
6.4 Toxicity .............................................. 239
6.5 Conclusions ........................................... 245
References ................................................. 246
7 Biological and Biomimetic Synthesis of Metal
Nanomaterials .............................................. 257
Jianping Xie, Yen Nee Tan, and Jim Yang Lee
7.1 Introduction .......................................... 251
7.2 Synthesis of Au/Ag Nanomaterials by Whole Organisms ... 252
7.4 Synthesis of Au/Ag Nanomaterials by Proteins .......... 264
7.5 Synthesis of Au/Ag Nanomaterials by Amino Acids/
Peptides .............................................. 267
7.6 Conclusions ........................................... 276
Acknowledgments ............................................ 276
References ................................................. 276
8 Biomimetic Nanosensors and Nanoactuators ................... 283
Mohsen Shahinpoor
8.1 Introduction .......................................... 283
8.2 Three-Dimensional Fabrication of BNNs ................. 286
8.3 Electrically Induced Robotic Actuation ................ 289
8.4 Distributed Nanosensing and Transduction .............. 293
8.5 Modeling and Simulation ............................... 297
Acknowledgments ............................................ 300
References ................................................. 300
9 Biomimetic Nanotechnology .................................. 303
Takahiro Ishizaki, Katsuya Teshima, Sun Hyung Lee,
Yoshitake Masuda, Nagahiro Saito, and Osamu Takai
9.1 Introduction .......................................... 303
9.2 Biocrystal Growth via Environmentally Friendly
Nature-Mimetic Processing ............................. 305
9.3 Biomimetic Morphology Control of Metal Oxides and
Their Site-Selective Immobilization ................... 310
9.4 Application of Biomimetic Super-Hydrophobic Surfaces
to Micropatterning of Biomolecules .................... 325
9.5 Summary and Outlook ................................... 335
References ................................................. 336
10 Biomimetic Approaches to Self-Assembly of Nanomaterials .... 343
Daniel Aili and Bo Liedberg
10.1 Introduction .......................................... 343
10.2 Self-Assembly ......................................... 344
10.3 Polypeptide-Based Nanomaterials ....................... 345
10.4 Self-Assembly of Hybrid Nanomaterials ................. 353
10.5 Nanoparticle Assembly in Biodiagnostics ............... 364
10.6 Conclusions and Outlook ............................... 367
Acknowledgments ............................................ 368
Abbreviations .............................................. 368
References ................................................. 369
11 Biomimetic Artificial Nanostructured Surfaces .............. 379
Emmanuel I. Stratakis and Vassilia Zorba
11.1 Introduction .......................................... 379
11.2 Learning from Nature: Properties of Natural
Nanostructured Surfaces ............................... 380
11.3 Fabrication of Biomimetic Artificial Nanostructures ... 403
11.4 Applications of Biomimetic Artificial Nanostructures .. 419
11.5 Conclusions and Future Outlook ........................ 421
References ................................................. 423
12 Natural and Modified Nanomaterials for Environmental
Applications ............................................... 429
Guodong Yuan
12.1 Introduction .......................................... 429
12.2 Aluminosilicate Nanomaterials ......................... 431
12.3 Environmental Applications of Aluminosilicate
Nanomaterials ......................................... 440
12.4 Assessment of Aluminosilicate Nanomaterials for
Environmental Applications ............................ 450
12.5 Summary and Future Perspectives ....................... 452
Acknowledgments ............................................ 453
References ................................................. 453
13 S-Layer Protein Lattices Studied by Scanning Force
Microscopy ................................................. 459
Dietmar Pum, Jilin Tang Peter Hinterdorfer, Jose-Luis
Toca Herrera, and Uwe B. Sleytr
13.1 Introduction .......................................... 459
13.2 Description of S-Layer Proteins ....................... 460
13.3 S-Layer Protein Microstructures ....................... 465
13.4 S-Layer Protein Reassembly at Interphases ............. 469
13.5 S-Layer Proteins Lattices with Functional Groups for
Recognition Imaging and Molecule Templating ........... 472
13.6 Reassembly of S-Layer Proteins on Solid Supports
with Modified Surface Properties ...................... 488
13.7 Applications .......................................... 499
13.8 Summary and Conclusions ............................... 501
Acknowledgments ............................................ 502
References ................................................. 503
14 Nanoscale Deformation Mechanisms in Biological Tissues ..... 577
Himadri S. Gupta
14.1 Introduction .......................................... 511
14.2 Approaches to Investigating Nanoscale Deformation of
Biocomposites ......................................... 514
14.3 Nanoscale Deformation Mechanisms in Mineralized
Tissues ............................................... 518
14.4 Deformation in Hypermineralized Systems: Enamel and
Abalone Nacre ......................................... 531
14.5 Deformation Mechanisms in Soft Collagenous Tissues:
Tendons, Ligaments, and Cartilage ..................... 535
14.6 Mechanics of the All-Organic Nanocomposite of the
Wood Cell Wall ........................................ 539
14.7 Summary and Outlook ................................... 541
References ................................................. 545
Index ...................................................... 553
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