Introduction ................................................... 1
Application Example 1: Lateral Resolution of in-Lens SE
and High-Angle BSE Imaging at Low Accelerating Voltages,
Below 2.0 kV ................................................... 3
Application Example 2: Z-Contrast Sensitivity in Low-Voltage,
High-Angle BSE Imaging ......................................... 7
Application Example 3: Information Depth in Low-Voltage,
High-Angle BSE Imaging ........................................ 11
Application Example 4: Nano Inclusions in Co-Hardened
Gold Plating for Electronic Applications — Further Evidence
for High Lateral Resolution in Low-Voltage, High-Angle BSE
Imaging ....................................................... 13
Application Example 5: A Thin Layer of Organic Contaminant
on the Surface of Mirror-Polished Al-Based Hard Disks ......... 17
Application Example 6: A Further Potential of Ultralow-
Voltage In-lens SE Imaging .................................... 21
Application Example 7: Sample Surface Preparation by
Ultramicrotomy Using a Diamond Knife for Cross-Sectional
Examination of Various Coatings on Metals ..................... 23
Application Example 8: Cross-Sectional Examination
of a Galvanized Steel ......................................... 25
Application Example 9: Cross-Sectional Examination of a
Painted Steel ................................................. 29
Application Example 10: Cross-Sectional Examination of
Solder Joint of the Printed Circuit Board ..................... 31
Application Example 11: Cross-Sectional Examination of a
Tin-Plated Copper Sheet for Electronic Application ............ 33
Application Example 12: Cross-Sectional Examination of an
Anodized Aluminum Alloy for Aerospace Application ............. 37
Application Example 13: Cross-Sectional Examination of a
Porous Anodic Oxide Film Grown on a Heterogeneous Al-Fe
Alloy ......................................................... 39
Application Example 14: Corrosion of an AI 2024-T3 Alloy
for Aerospace Application ..................................... 41
Application Example 15: Cross-Sectional Examination of an
Etched Al Foil for Capacitor Application ...................... 45
Application Example 16: On the Nature of rf-GD Sputtering ..... 49
Application Example 17: On the Surface Damages Associated
with rf-GD Sputtering ......................................... 53
Application Example 18: Precipitates in a Stainless Steel ..... 57
Application Example 19: Ferrite Precipitates in a Low-Carbon
Stainless Steel ............................................... 61
Application Example 20: A Novel Use of rf-GD Sputtered
Surfaces for Oxidation Study of Iron, Nickel, and Copper ...... 65
1 Oxidation of Iron ....................................... 55
2 Oxidation of Nickel and Copper .......................... 70
Application Example 21: Preparation of "Highly Flat and
Damage-Free" Surfaces for High-Resolution Channeling BSE
Imaging ....................................................... 79
Application Example 22: Oxidation of Sputtered Metal
Surface in Air - The Main Cause of Surface Alternation ........ 91
Application Example 23: Microstructure of a Ti Alloy .......... 97
Application Example 24: Microstructure of a Ni-Based Super
Alloy for Aerospace Applications .............................. 99
Application Example 25: Cracks in a Nitrogen-Doped
Stainless Steel .............................................. 101
Application Example 26: Sample Surface Preparation Using
rf-GD Sputtering for Cross-Sectional Examination ............. 105
Application Example 27: Cross-Sectional Examination of a
Galvanized Steel for Car Bodies .............................. 109
Application Example 28: Cross-Sectional Examination of a
Flash Memory Device .......................................... 115
Application Example 29: Cross-Sectional Examination of a
Multilayered Glass ........................................... 123
Application Example 30: Cross-Sectional Examination of a
Copper Sheet for Electronic Application ...................... 125
Application Example 31: Cross-Sectional Examination of a
Nitrided Carbon Steel ........................................ 127
Application Example 32: Cross-Sectional Examination
of Deformed Surface Regions of Carbon Steel after Shot
Peening ...................................................... 131
Application Example 33: Cross-Sectional Examination
of a Thermal-Sprayed WC-18% Co Coating on a Titanium
Alloy ........................................................ 135
Application Example 34: Cross-Sectional Examination of a
Thermal Barrier Coating on the Ni-based Super Alloy for
Aerospace Applications ....................................... 141
Application Example 35: Is EDX Elemental Mapping Really
Necessary? ................................................... 145
Application Example 36: Titanium Carbide Precipitates in a
Duplex Stainless Steel ....................................... 153
Application Example 37: Adhesion Between the Hard
Chromium Coating and Copper Substrate ........................ 157
Application Example 38: On the Possibility of the Use of
rf-GD Sputtering for Follow-Up Treatment of Thin Slices for
ТЕМ Examination .............................................. 161
Application Example 39: On 3D Imaging of Semiconductor
Devices by FE-SEM ............................................ 103
Concluding Remarks ........................................... 167
References ................................................... 173
About the Authors ............................................ 175
Index ........................................................ 177
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