Preface to the Second Edition ................................. vii
Preface to the First Edition ................................... ix
Part 1 Introduction and Overview
1 Single Cell Oils for the 21st Century
Colin Ratledge ............................................... 3
Part 2 Production of Single Cell Oils Using Heterotrophically
Grown Microorganisms
2 Arachidonic Acid-Producing Mortierella alpina: Creation of
Mutants, Isolation of the Related Enzyme Genes, and
Molecular Breeding
Eiji Sakuradani, Akinori Ando, Jun Ogawa, and Sakayu
Shimizu ..................................................... 29
3 Metabolic Engineering of an Oleaginous Yeast for the
Production of Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Quinn Zhu, Zhixiong Xue, Naren Yadav, Howard Damude, Dana
Walters Pollak, Ross Rupert, John Seip, Dieter
Hollerbach, Daniel Macool, Hongxiang Zhang, Sidney Bledsoe,
David Short, Bjorn Tyreus, Anthony Kinney, and Stephen
Picataggio .................................................. 51
4 Development of a Docosahexaenoic Acid Production
Technology Using Schizocbytrium: Historical Perspective
and Update
William Barclay, Craig Weaver, James Metz, and Jon
Hansen ...................................................... 75
5 Arachidonic Acid: Fermentative Production by Mortierella
Fungi Hugo Streekstra ....................................... 97
6 Production of Single Cell Oils by Dinoflagellates
James Wynn, Paul Behrens, Anand Sundararajan, Jon Hansen,
and Kirk Apt ............................................... 115
7 Alternative Carbon Sources for Heterotrophic Production
of Docosahexaenoic Acid by the Marine Alga
Crypthecodinium cohnii
Lolke Sijtsma, Alistair J. Anderson, and Colin Ratledge .... 131
8 Production of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Using Heterotrophically
Grown Microalgae
Zhiyou Wen and Feng Chen ................................... 151
9 Downstream Processing, Extraction, and Purification of
Single Cell Oils
Colin Ratledge, Hugo Streekstra, Zvi Cohen, and Jaouad
Fichtali ................................................... 179
Part 3 Production of Single Cell Oils Using
Photosynthetically Grown Microorganisms
10 Searching for Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Rich
Photosynthetic Microalgae
Zvi Cohen and Inna Khozin-Goldberg ......................... 201
11 Carotenoid Production Using Microorganisms
Michael A. Borowitzka ...................................... 225
Part 4 Single Cell Oils for Biofuels
12 Survey of Commercial Developments of Microalgae as
Biodiesel Feedstock
Marguerite Torrey .......................................... 243
13 Algae Oils for Biofuels: Chemistry, Physiology, and
Production
Michael A. Borowitzka ...................................... 271
14 Production of Lipids for Biofuels Using Bacteria
Daniel Bröker, Yasser Elbahloul, and Alexander
Steinbüchel ................................................ 291
Part 5 Safety and Nutrition of Single Cell Oils
15 Safety Evaluation of Single Cell Oils and the Regulatory
Requirements for Use as Food Ingredients
Alan S. Ryan, Sam Zeller, and Edward В. Nelson ............. 317
16 Nutritional Aspects of Single Cell Oils: Applications of
Arachidonic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Oils
Andrew J. Sinclair and Anura Jayasooriya ................... 351
17 Recent Developments in the Human Nutrition of
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Single Cell Oils
Connye N. Kuratko, James P. Hoffman, Mary E. Van Elswyk,
and Norman Salem, Jr. ...................................... 369
18 Applications of Single Cell Oils for Animal Nutrition
Jesus R. Abril, Todd Wills, and Flint Harding .............. 389
19 Applications of Single Cell Oils for Aquaculture
Mario Velasco-Escudero and Hui Gong ........................ 421
Part 6 Synopsis and Overview
20 Future Development of Single Cell Oik
David J. Kyle .............................................. 439
Contributors .................................................. 453
Index ......................................................... 461
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