Note on Buddhist Terms and Diacritical Marks ................... xi
Introduction .................................................... 3
"Western" Buddhism ........................................... 5
The R Words ................................................. 10
Performance and Embodiment .................................. 13
Learning Theory ............................................. 17
Religion and Spirituality ................................... 18
Settings and Characters ..................................... 19
1 Friends of the Heart and Chandrakirti Centre: Meditation
in Toronto .................................................. 22
Friends of the Heart ........................................ 24
Chandrakirti Centre ......................................... 30
Outreach .................................................... 36
2 Discovery Stories ........................................... 38
Gerald ...................................................... 42
Tanit ....................................................... 46
Carol ....................................................... 50
Alan ........................................................ 52
Diane ....................................................... 54
John ........................................................ 58
Why Take a Meditation Class? ................................ 60
3 Meditation Classes, Rites, and Ritual ....................... 70
Rites of Entry .............................................. 73
Opening Prayer .............................................. 75
Meditation .................................................. 76
Talks or Lectures ........................................... 84
Group Discussion and Socializing ............................ 88
Closing Rites ............................................... 89
Ritual and Introductory Meditation Classes .................. 90
Ritualization and Ritualizing ............................... 92
Performance Theory and Restoration of Behavior .............. 96
Conclusion .................................................. 98
4 Beyond Knowledge ............................................ 99
Bloom's Taxonomy ........................................... 103
Cognitive Learning ......................................... 103
Affective Learning ......................................... 108
Psychomotor Learning ....................................... 117
A Fourth Domain? ........................................... 123
"Practice" as Changing Behavior ............................ 129
Conclusion ................................................. 133
5 The Ritualizing Body-Mind .................................. 134
Ritualizing and Decorum .................................... 136
Prostrations ............................................... 138
Learning, Experimentation, and Invariance .................. 143
Cognitive Learning and Ritualizing ......................... 146
Ritualizing and Meditation ................................. 153
Meditation and Embodied Knowing ............................ 155
Conclusion ................................................. 173
6 Learning is Change ......................................... 175
Newcomers, Learning, and Change ............................ 181
Teachers' Objectives ....................................... 193
Conclusion .................................................... 201
Appendix: Student Interview Participants by Name .............. 209
Notes ......................................................... 211
Bibliography .................................................. 223
Index ......................................................... 229
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