Preface ........................................................ xi
Acknowledgment ................................................. xv
List of Acronyms ............................................. xvii
1 Introduction ................................................. 1
2 An Overview of 3D Imaging and Visualization Technologies ..... 5
2.1 Stereoscopy ............................................. 6
2.2 Autostereoscopic Viewing ................................ 9
2.3 Multiview Autostereoscopy .............................. 11
2.4 Integral Imaging ....................................... 13
2.5 Holography ............................................. 14
2.6 Volumetric 3D Display Devices .......................... 15
2.7 Comparative Assessment of 3D Imaging Techniques ........ 18
3 State-of-the-Art in 3D Imaging, Delivery, and 3D Content
Display ..................................................... 23
3.1 The Need for Decoupling Capture and Display ............ 24
3.2 State-of-the-Art in 3D Video Capture ................... 26
3.2.1 Single-camera techniques ........................ 26
3.2.2 Multicamera techniques .......................... 27
3.2.3 Holographic capture devices ..................... 29
3.2.4 Pattern projection techniques ................... 30
3.2.5 Time-of-flight techniques ....................... 31
3.3 State-of-the-Art in 3D Representation Techniques ....... 32
3.3.1 Dense depth representation ...................... 32
3.3.2 Surface-based representations ................... 33
3.3.3 Point-based representations ..................... 34
3.3.4 Volumetric representations ...................... 34
3.3.5 Texture mapping ................................. 34
3.3.6 Pseudo-3D representations ....................... 35
3.3.7 Light-field representations ..................... 35
3.3.8 Object-based representations .................... 36
3.3.9 Standards for 3D scene representation ........... 37
3.4 State-of-the-Art in 3D Video Coding Techniques ......... 37
3.4.1 Stereoscopic video coding ....................... 38
3.4.2 Multiview video coding .......................... 39
3.4.3 Video-plus-depth ................................ 41
3.4.4 3D mesh compression ............................. 41
3.4.5 Multiple description coding ..................... 43
3.5 State-of-the-Art in 3D Video Streaming Techniques ...... 44
3.5.1 Analog broadcast ................................ 44
3.5.2 Digital broadcast ............................... 44
3.5.3 3DTV-over-IP networks ........................... 45
3.5.4 Streaming protocols ............................. 45
3.5.4.1 Multiview video streaming .............. 46
3.5.4.2 Error correction and concealment ....... 46
3.5.4.3 3D video-streaming experiments and
demonstrations ......................... 47
3.6 State-of-the-Art in 3D Video Display Techniques ........ 48
3.6.1 Multiview displays .............................. 50
3.6.2 Head-tracking displays .......................... 52
3.6.3 Volumetric displays ............................. 52
3.6.4 Holographic displays ............................ 53
3.6.5 Signal processing issues associated with
holographic displays ............................ 54
3.7 End-to-End 3DTV Systems ................................ 56
3.8 3D-Video-Related Communities and Events ................ 58
4 Current Research Trends ..................................... 61
4.1 3DTV ................................................... 61
4.2 2020 3D Media: Spatial Sound and Vision ................ 69
4.3 3DPHONE ................................................ 70
4.4 MOBILE3DTV ............................................. 71
4.5 Real 3D ................................................ 73
4.6 MUTED and HELIUM3D ..................................... 74
4.7 3D4YOU ................................................. 74
4.8 3D Presence ............................................ 75
4.9 VICTORY ................................................ 75
5 The Future of 3D-Media-Related Research Trends .............. 77
5.1 Near-Term Research Activities .......................... 78
5.2 Medium-Term Research Activities ........................ 80
5.3 Long-Term Research Activities .......................... 83
5.4 Future Internet and 3D Media ........................... 85
References .................................................. 87
Index .......................................................... 91
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