FOREWORD ....................................................... xi
William Reilly
FOREWORD TO THE FIRST EDITION ................................ xvii
William Ruckelshaus
PREFACE ....................................................... xix
Dennis Paustenbach
CONTRIBUTORS .................................................. xxv
ABOUT THE AUTHOR ............................................. xxix
SECTION A
THEORY: HUMAN HEALTH ASSESSMENT ................................. 1
1 Primer on Human and Environmental Risk Assessment ............ 3
Dennis Paustenbach
2 Hazard Identification ....................................... 85
Dennis Paustenbach
3 Dose-Response Modeling for Cancer Risk Assessment .......... 151
Suresh Moolgavkar E. Georg Leabeck
4 Exposure Assessment ........................................ 189
Dennis Paustenbach
5 Risk Characterization ...................................... 293
Pamela Williams Dennis Paustenbach
SECTION В
THEORY: ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT ............................ 367
6 Ecological Risk Assessment: History and Fundamentals ....... 369
Anne Sergeant
SECTION С
CASE STUDIES INVOLVING CONTAMINATED WATER ..................... 443
7 Hexavalent Chromium in Groundwater: The Importance of
Chemistry and Pharmacokinetics in Quantitating Dose and
Risk ....................................................... 445
Brent Kerger Brent Finley Dennis Paustenbach
Estimating the Value of Research: Illustrative
Calculation for Ingested Inorganic Arsenic ................. 475
Warner North, Frank Selker Tот Guartlino
SECTION D
CASE STUDY INVOLVING CONTAMINATED SOILS ....................... 511
9 Risk Assessment of Chromium-Contaminated Soils: Twelve
Years of Research to Characterize the Health Hazards ....... 513
Deborah Proctor, Mark Harris David Rabbe
SECTION E
CHARACTERIZING EXPOSURE TO AIR CONTAMINANTS ................... 585
10 Quantification of Variability and Uncertainty: Case Study
of Power Plant Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions ........... 587
H. Christopher Frey, Ranjit Bharvirkar
11 Characteristic Time, Characteristic Travel Distance, and
Population-Based Potential Dose in a Multimedia
Environment: A Case Study .................................. 619
Deborah Bennett, Т.E. McKone, W.E. Kastenberg
SECTION F
EVALUATING OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS ............................... 645
12 Methods for Setting Occupational Exposure Limits ........... 647
Hon-Wing Leung
13 Worker Hazard Posed by Reentry Into Pesticide-Treated
Foliage: Reassessment of Reentry Levels/Intervals Using
Foliar Residue Transfer-Percutaneous Absorption PBPK/PD
Models, with Emphasis on Isofenphos and Parathion .......... 673
Jim Knaak, С.C. Dary, G.T. Patterson, J.N. Blancato
SECTION G
CASE STUDY INVOLVING EXPOSURE TO RADIONUCLIDES ................ 733
14 Dose Reconstructions for Radionuclides and Chemical: Case
Study Involving Federal Facilities at Oak Ridge,
Tennessee .................................................. 735
Tom Widner, Susan M. Flack
SECTION H
EVALUATING RISK TO FOODS ...................................... 871
15 Transport of Persistent Organic Pollutants to Animal
Products: Fundamental Principles and Application to
Health Risk Assessment ..................................... 873
George F. Fries
16 Estimating Dietary Exposure: Methods, Algorithms, and
General Considerations ..................................... 895
Barbara Petersen
17 Analysis of Possible Health Risks to Recreational Fishers
Due to Ingesting DDT and PCBs in Fish from Palos Verdes
Shelf and Cabrillo Pier .................................... 913
Natalie Wilson, Valerie Craven, Paul S. Price, Dennis
Paustenbach
SECTION I
ASSESSING RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH CONSUMER PRODUCTS ............ 1031
18 Qualitative Health Risk Assessment of Natural Rubber
Latex in Consumer Products ................................ 1033
Sean M. Hays, Brent L. Finley
SECTION J
CASE STUDIES IN ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT ................... 1067
19 Determining Values: A Critical Step in Assessing
Ecological Risk ........................................... 1069
Douglas P. Reagan
20 Comparison of Aquatic Ecological Risk Assessments at
a Former Zinc Smelter and a Former Wood Preservative
Site ...................................................... 1099
Rob Paslorok, Walter J. Shields, Jane E. Sexton
21 Integration of Risk Assessment and Natural Resource
Damage Assessment: Case Study of Lavaca Bay ............... 1161
Kristy E. Mathews, Kirk J. Gribben, William
H. DesVousges
SECTION К
ASSESSING RISKS TO BIRDS ..................................... 1193
22 Using Probabilistic Risk Assessment Methods To
Predict Effects of Pesticides on Aquatic Systems and
Waterfowl That Use Them ................................... 1195
Patrick Sheehan, John Warmerdam, Shih Siting Feng
23 Methodology for Assessing Risk to Birds Following
Application of Sprayable Pesticide to Citrus: Case
Study Involving Chlorpyrifos .............................. 1229
Larry Brewer, Harry L. McQuillen Monte A. Mayes
24 Using Ecological Risk Assessment to Evaluate
Potential Risks Posed by Chemicals to Birds ............... 1265
Miranda Henning, Nadine M. Weinberg, Margaret
A. Branion
SECTION L
RISK ASSESSMENT AND LIFE-CYCLE ANALYSES .................. 1293
25 Life-Cycle Impact Analysis: A Challenge for Risk
Analysts .................................................. 1295
H. Scott Mathews, Heather MacLean, Lester Lave
SECTION M
RISK COMMUNICATION AND RISK MANAGEMENT ................... 1357
26 Risk Assessment in Its Social Context ..................... 1359
Jessica Glicken Turnley
27 Trust, Emotion, Sex, Politics, and Science:
Surveying the Risk-Assessment Battlefield ................. 1377
Paul Slovic
28 Democratization of Risk Analysis .......................... 1399
Gail Charnley, E. Donald Elliott
29 Misconceptions About the Causes of Cancer ................. 1415
Lois Swirsky Gold, Bruce N. Ames, Thomas H. Sloan
SECTION N
EVOLVING ISSUES .......................................... 1461
30 Children's Health and Environmental Exposure to
Chemicals: Implications for Risk Assessment and
Public Health Policy ...................................... 1463
Michael Goodman, Nancy La Verda
31 Cost-Benefit Analysis ..................................... 1497
Timothy Carrothers John D. Graham
32 Precaution in a Multirisk World ........................... 1509
Jonathan B. Wiener
INDEX ........................................................ 1533
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