ABSTRACT ........................................................ I
EDITORIAL ....................................................... 3
CONTENTS ........................................................ 7
PREFACE ......................................................... 9
MAIN POINTS .................................................... 11
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................. 13
GLOSSARY ....................................................... 15
1 INTRODUCTION ................................................ 21
1.1 References ............................................. 23
2 SPECIFICATIONS OF THE COMPUTATIONAL PHANTOMS ................ 25
2.1 References ............................................. 27
3 SELECTION AND SEGMENTATION OF TOMOGRAPHIC DATA .............. 29
3.1 Tomographic data for the male .......................... 29
3.2 Tomographic data for the female ........................ 30
3.3 References ............................................. 30
4 MODIFICATIONS OF SEGMENTED IMAGES TO CREATE REFERENCE
COMPUTATIONAL PHANTOMS ...................................... 31
4.1 Voxel scaling .......................................... 31
4.2 Individual organ volume modifications .................. 32
4.3 Additional organ and body region modifications ......... 33
4.4 Sub-segmentation of the skeleton ....................... 34
4.5 References ............................................. 36
5 DESCRIPTION OF THE ADULT REFERENCE COMPUTATIONAL PHANTOMS ... 39
5.1 Main characteristics of the phantoms ................... 39
5.2 The skeleton ........................................... 39
5.3 Blood .................................................. 42
5.4 Limitations due to image resolution .................... 43
5.5 References ............................................. 44
6 APPLICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS OF THE REFERENCE
COMPUTATIONAL PHANTOMS ...................................... 45
ANNEX A ID LISTINGS, MEDIUM, DENSITY, MASS, MINIMUM/MAXIMUM
COLUMNS, ROWS AND SLICES OCCUPIED BY EACH ORGAN/
TISSUE (CONTAINING RECTANGULAR PRISM), AND ORGAN
CENTRES OF MASS ....................................... 47
ANNEX B LIST OF MEDIA AND THEIR ELEMENTAL COMPOSITIONS ........ 64
ANNEX C LIST OF SOURCE REGIONS, ACRONYMS, AND ID NUMBERS ...... 65
ANNEX D LIST OF TARGET REGIONS, ACRONYMS, AND ID NUMBERS ...... 69
ANNEX E DISTRIBUTIONS OF DEPTHS OF SELECTED ................... 71
ANNEX F CHORD-LENGTH DISTRIBUTIONS BETWEEN SELECTED ORGAN
PAIRS (SOURCE/TARGET TISSUES) ......................... 85
ANNEX G CROSS-SECTIONAL IMAGES ................................ 95
ANNEX H SELECTED ORGAN DOSE CONVERSION COEFFICIENTS
EXTERNAL PHOTONS ..................................... 103
ANNEX I SELECTED ORGAN DOSE CONVERSION COEFFICIENTS
EXTERNAL NEUTRONS .................................... 119
ANNEX J SELECTED ORGAN DOSE CONVERSION COEFFICIENTS
EXTERNAL HELIUM IONS ................................. 133
ANNEX K SELECTED SPECIFIC ABSORBED FRACTIONS - PHOTONS ....... 137
ANNEX L SELECTED SPECIFIC ABSORBED FRACTIONS ELECTRONS ...... 149
ANNEX M SUMMARY OF THE CD CONTENTS ........................... 163
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