Preface .................................................... vii
1 The subject matter of hydrogeology E.V. Pinneker ............. 1
1.1 The definition of hydrogeology, its content,
development trends, and research methods ................ 1
1.2 A short history of hydrogeological thought .............. 5
1.3 Hydrogeological terminology ............................ 15
References .................................................. 17
2 The subsurface hydrosphere E.V. Pinneker .................... 19
2.1 The extent of the Earth's hydrosphere .................. 19
2.2 The components of the subsurface hydrosphere ........... 22
2.3 The laws governing the localization of groundwater
in rocks ............................................... 27
References .................................................. 30
3 The origin of the water in the Earth's interior
E.V. Pinneker ............................................... 32
3.1 The evolution of the Earth's hydrosphere ............... 32
3.2 Views on the formation of the subsurface hydrosphere ... 36
3.3 The genetic subdivisions of groundwater ................ 40
3.4 The nature of the regional (zonal) distribution
of groundwater ......................................... 42
References .................................................. 44
4 The circulation of water in the interior of the Earth
S.L. Shvartsev .............................................. 46
4.1 A short account of geology and the movement of water ... 46
4.2 Modern ideas on the circulation of water ............... 49
4.3 The hydrologic (climatic) circulation of water ......... 50
4.4 The geological circulation of water .................... 52
References .................................................. 57
5 Subsurface water-bearing systems E.V. Pinneker .............. 58
5.1 The structural-hydrogeological subdivisions ............ 58
5.2 The natural reservoirs of groundwater .................. 60
5.3 The charge and discharge of groundwater systems ........ 65
5.4 The general mapping of subsurface water-bearing
systems ................................................ 68
References .................................................. 69
6 The varieties of groundwater on a basis of depositional
origin ...................................................... 71
6.1 Schemes of groundwater classification
G.Ya. Bogdanov and E.V. Pinneker ....................... 71
6.2 The zone of aeration in the subsurface water
E.V. Pinneker and G.Ya. Bogdanov ....................... 77
6.3 Subsurface water G.Ya. Bogdanov and E.V. Pinneker ...... 79
6.4 Artesian water G.Ya. Bogdanov .......................... 84
6.5 Subsurface water in fissured and karst rocks
B.I. Pisarskii and G.Ya. Bogdanov ...................... 87
6.6 Deep-lying water (deep water) V.N. Borisov ............. 91
6.7 Groundwater in permafrost regions B.I. Pisarskii ....... 93
6.8 The groundwater of active volcanic regions
B.I. Pisarskii ......................................... 98
6.9 Groundwater under seas and oceans B.I. Pisarskii ...... 105
References ................................................. 109
7 Hydrogeothermics B.I. Pisarskii ............................ 112
7.1 The hydrogeothermal regime of the interior of the
Earth ................................................. 112
7.2 The laws governing the distribution of hot springs .... 119
References ................................................. 120
8 Regional hydrogeological laws .............................. 122
8.1 Hydrogeological zonation E.V. Pinneker ................ 122
8.2 World distribution of aquifers K.P. Karavanov ......... 128
References ................................................. 134
Conclusion E.V. Pinneker ................................... 135
Index ...................................................... 139
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