Particle dark matter: observations, models and searches / ed. by G.Bertone. - Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. - xxiii, 738 p.: ill. - Ref.: p.602-735. - Ind.: p.736-738. - ISBN 978-0-521-76368-4  Место хранения:   061 | Институт оптики атмосферы CO РАН | Томск | Библиотека

Оглавление / Contents

List of contributors .......................................... xii Preface ...................................................... xvii Acknowledgements ............................................... xx List of symbols and abbreviations ............................. xxi Part I Dark matter in cosmology ................................ 1 1 Particle dark matter ......................................... 3 G. Bertone and J. Silk 1.1 Introduction ............................................ 3 1.2 The baryon budget ....................................... 4 1.3 The case for cold dark matter: good news and bad news ... 5 1.4 Portrait of a suspect ................................... 7 1.5 Observing cold dark matter ............................. 10 1.6 The future ............................................. 12 2 Simulations of cold dark matter haloes ...................... 14 B. Moore and J. Diemand 2.1 Prom cold collapse to hierarchical clustering - a brief history ........................................ 14 2.2 Results from collisionless simulations ................. 17 2.3 Predictions for direct and indirect detection experiments ............................................ 34 3 Milky Way satellites ........................................ 38 J. Bullock, M. Kaplinghat and L. Strigari 3.1 Satellite galaxies ..................................... 38 3.2 Streams ................................................ 46 3.3 Central profiles and the nature of dark matter ......... 48 3.4 Indirect detection of dark matter from Milky Way satellites ............................................. 51 3.5 Future prospects ....................................... 55 4 Gravitational lensing and dark matter ....................... 56 Y. Mellier 4.1 Introduction ........................................... 56 4.2 Gravitational lensing theory ........................... 57 4.3 Evidence for dark matter from strong lenses ............ 63 4.4 Cold dark matter confronted to gravitational lenses .... 65 4.5 Hot dark matter: limits on neutrino masses from lensing ................................................ 77 4.6 Dark matter or modified gravity? ....................... 78 4.7 Conclusion and outlook ................................. 80 5 Dark matter at the centres of galaxies ...................... 83 D. Merritt 5.1 Phenomenology of galactic nuclei ....................... 83 5.2 Dark matter models ..................................... 86 5.3 Dark matter in collisionless nuclei .................... 88 5.4 Dark matter in collisional nuclei ...................... 92 5.5 The Galactic centre .................................... 94 5.6 Dwarf spheroidal galaxies .............................. 97 6 Modified gravity as an alternative to dark matter ........... 99 J. D. Bekenstein 6.1 Missing mass in galaxies and clusters of galaxies ...... 99 6.2 The MOND scheme ....................................... 102 6.3 Modified gravity theory for MOND ...................... 105 6.4 TeVeS and other relativistic MOND theories ............ 109 6.5 Gravitational lenses and cosmology in TeVeS ........... 112 Part II Candidates ........................................... 119 7 DM production mechanisms ................................... 121 G. Gelmini and P. Gondolo 7.1 Dark matter particles: relics from the pre-BBN era .... 121 7.2 Thermal production in the standard cosmology .......... 123 7.3 Non-thermal production in the standard cosmology ...... 130 7.4 Thermal and non-thermal production in non-standard cosmologies ........................................... 133 8 Supersymmetric dark matter candidates ...................... 142 J. Ellis and K.A. Olive 8.1 Motivations ........................................... 142 8.2 The MSSM and R-parity ................................. 144 8.3 Possible supersymmetric dark matter candidates ........ 147 8.4 Renormalization-group equations and electroweak symmetry breaking ..................................... 151 8.5 The CMSSM ............................................. 153 8.6 mSUGRA ................................................ 159 8.7 Other possibilities ................................... 161 8.8 Summary ............................................... 162 9 Dark matter at the electroweak scale: non-supersymmetric candidates ................................................. 164 G. Servant 9.1 New symmetries at the TeV scale and dark matter ....... 166 9.2 Dark matter from extra dimensions: Kaluza-Klein DM .... 167 9.3 Little Higgs dark matter .............................. 182 9.4 Dark matter in technicolour and composite Higgs theories .............................................. 183 9.5 Mirror dark matter .................................... 183 9.6 'Minimal' approaches .................................. 184 9.7 WIMPonium ............................................. 188 9.8 Connecting dark matter and the baryon asymmetry ....... 188 9.9 Conclusion ............................................ 189 10 Non-WIMP candidates......................................... 190 J.L. Feng 10.1 Motivations ........................................... 190 10.2 SuperWIMP dark matter ................................. 191 10.3 WIMPless dark matter .................................. 198 11 Axions ..................................................... 204 P. Sikivie 11.1 Introduction .......................................... 204 11.2 Axion production in the early Universe ................ 208 11.3 Relic density and primordial velocity dispersion ...... 219 11.4 Axion miniclusters .................................... 222 11.5 Axion isocurvature perturbations ...................... 224 12 Sterile neutrinos .......................................... 228 M. Shaposhnikov 12.1 Particle physics motivation ........................... 228 12.2 Cosmological and astrophysical constraints on sterile neutrino dark matter .......................... 232 12.3 Sterile neutrino production in the early Universe ..... 239 12.4 Conclusions ........................................... 247 Part III Collider searches .................................... 249 13 SUSY searches at the LHC ................................... 251 T. Plehn and G. Polesello 13.1 Discovery channels .................................... 252 13.2 LHC measurements ...................................... 255 13.3 Parameter extraction .................................. 264 13.4 Dark matter and the LHC ............................... 274 13.5 Outlook ............................................... 275 14 Supersymmetric dark matter at colliders .................... 276 M. Battaglia and M.E. Peskin 14.1 Introduction .......................................... 276 14.2 Questions for the collider experiments ................ 279 14.3 Dark matter at hadron colliders ....................... 285 14.4 Dark matter at lepton colliders ....................... 293 14.5 Collider measurements and astrophysical questions ..... 303 15 Extra dimensions at the LHC ................................ 306 K. Kong, K. Matchev and G. Servant 15.1 Flat extra dimensions (UED) ........................... 306 15.2 Warped extra dimensions ............................... 311 15.3 SUSY-UED discrimination at the LHC .................... 317 16 SUSY tools ................................................. 325 F. Boudjema, J. Edsjö and P. Gondolo 16.1 Annihilation cross-section and the relic density ...... 326 16.2 Direct detection ...................................... 331 16.3 Indirect detection .................................... 334 16.4 Exploring the parameter space ......................... 338 16.5 Interface with collider and precision measurements codes ................................................. 340 Part IV Direct detection ...................................... 345 17 Direct detection of WIMPs .................................. 347 D.G. Cerdeño and A.M. Green 17.1 Introduction .......................................... 347 17.2 Event rate ............................................ 347 17.3 Astrophysics input .................................... 353 17.4 Signals ............................................... 356 17.5 Particle physics input ................................ 362 18 Annual modulation signature with large mass highly radiopure Nal(Tl) R. Bernabei and P. Belli ................................... 370 18.1 The annual modulation signature and the target material .............................................. 370 18.2 The DAMA/NaI and DAMA/LIBRA experiments ............... 373 18.3 The model-independent results ......................... 374 18.4 The corollary quests for the candidate particle(s) .... 379 18.5 Comparison with other activities ...................... 380 18.6 Future perspectives ................................... 381 19 Particle dark matter and the DAMA/NaI and DAMA/ LIBRA annual modulation effect ............................. 383 N. Fornengo 19.1 The DAMA annual modulation effect ..................... 383 19.2 Supersymmetric candidates ............................. 386 19.3 Additional candidates ................................. 389 20 Cryogenic detectors ........................................ 391 G. Gerbier and J. Gascon 20.1 Introduction .......................................... 391 20.2 Principles of operation of solid state cryogenic detectors ............................................. 392 20.3 Single parameter detectors ............................ 398 20.4 Ionization phonon bolometers .......................... 401 20.5 Scintillation phonon bolometers ....................... 404 20.6 МАСНеЗ ................................................ 409 20.7 Prospects for 1 ton detectors ......................... 410 21 Liquid noble gases ......................................... 413 E. Aprile and L. Baudis 21.1 Noble liquids for dark matter detection ............... 413 21.2 Two-phase XeTPCs: XENON, ZEPLIN and LUX ............... 420 21.3 Two-phase ArTPCs: WArP and ArDM ....................... 428 21.4 Single-phase detectors: XMASS, DEAP/CLEAN ............. 432 22 Directional detectors ...................................... 437 N. Spooner 22.1 Direct dark matter detection technologies and directionality ........................................ 437 22.2 The directional signature and statistics .............. 438 22.3 Directional detector concepts ......................... 440 22.4 Gas detector physics - diffusion and straggling ....... 442 22.5 TPC gamma background rejection and energy threshold ... 447 22.6 TPC neutron background rejection, solar neutrinos and radon ............................................. 450 22.7 Electronic noise and other background ................. 452 22.8 WIMP detection and directional sensitivity in practice ........................................... 452 22.9 Head-tail recoil discrimination, theory and experiment ............................................ 456 22.10Experimental status and readout technology ............ 457 22.11Scale-up and a future WIMP telescope .................. 463 23 Axion searches ............................................ 467 S. Asztalos 23.1 Constraints on axion properties ....................... 468 23.2 Conclusions ........................................... 487 Part V Indirect detection and astrophysical constraints ....... 489 24 Gamma-rays ................................................. 491 L. Bergström and G. Bertone 24.1 Annihilation .......................................... 491 24.2 Decaying dark matter .................................. 496 24.3 Galactic centre ....................................... 497 24.4 Substructures ......................................... 499 24.5 The extragalactic signal .............................. 504 24.6 Connection between antimatter and gamma-ray signal .... 505 25 High-energy neutrinos from WIMP annihilations in the Sun ... 507 F. Halzen and D. Hooper 25.1 Searching for dark matter with neutrinos .............. 507 25.2 The capture and annihilation of WIMPs in the Sun ...... 509 25.3 The neutrino spectrum ................................. 511 25.4 Neutrino telescopes ................................... 513 25.5 The case of neutralino dark matter .................... 516 25.6 The case of Kaluza-Klein dark matter .................. 518 26 Indirect dark matter detection with cosmic antimatter ...... 521 P. Salati, F. Donato and N. Fornengo 26.1 Production of antimatter in the Galaxy ................ 521 26.2 Propagation of antinuclei in the Galaxy ............... 521 26.3 Antiprotons in cosmic rays ............................ 524 26.4 Antideuterons in cosmic rays .......................... 532 26.5 Positrons in cosmic rays .............................. 537 26.6 Conclusions ........................................... 546 27 Multi-wavelength studies ................................... 547 S. Profumo and P. Ullio 27.1 Introduction .......................................... 547 27.2 The multi-wavelength approach and galaxy clusters ..... 556 27.3 The multi-wavelength approach and dwarf galaxies ...... 559 27.4 The multi-wavelength approach and the Milky Way ....... 561 27.5 Radio observations .................................... 563 27.6 Conclusions and overview .............................. 564 28 Particle dark matter and Big Bang nucleosynthesis .......... 565 K. Jedamzik and M. Pospelov 28.1 Introduction .......................................... 565 28.2 Standard BBN theory ................................... 567 28.3 Observed light element abundances ..................... 569 28.4 Cascade nucleosynthesis from energy injection ......... 573 28.5 Residual DM annihilation during BBN ................... 576 28.6 Catalysed BBN (CBBN) .................................. 579 28.7 DM production during BBN: NLSP → LSP example ......... 583 29 Dark matter and stars G. Bertone ................................................. 586 29.1 DM capture and annihilation in stars .................. 587 29.2 The Earth and other planets ........................... 589 29.3 Main-sequence stars ................................... 591 29.4 Compact objects ....................................... 593 29.5 Pop III stars ......................................... 599 References .................................................... 602 Index ......................................................... 736