1 Polarised electromagnetic waves .............................. 1
1.1 The generation of polarised waves ....................... 3
1.2 The propagation of polarised waves ...................... 9
1.3 The geometry of polarised waves ........................ 34
1.4 The scattering of polarised waves ...................... 46
1.5 Geometry of the scattering matrix ...................... 60
1.6 The scattering vector formulation ...................... 67
2 Depolarisation and scattering entropy ....................... 71
2.1 The wave coherency matrix .............................. 72
2.2 The Mueller matrix ..................................... 78
2.3 The scattering coherency matrix formulation ............ 85
2.4 General theory of scattering entropy ................... 91
2.5 Characterization of depolarising systems .............. 110
2.6 Relating the Stokes/Mueller and coherency matrix
formulations .......................................... 113
3 Depolarisation in surface and volume scattering ............ 115
3.1 Introduction to surface scattering .................... 116
3.2 Surface depolarisation ................................ 133
3.3 Introduction to volume scattering ..................... 142
3.4 Depolarisation in volume scattering ................... 155
3.5 Simple physical models for volume scattering and
propagation ........................................... 167
4 Decomposition theorems ..................................... 178
4.1 Coherent decomposition theorems ....................... 178
4.2 Incoherent decomposition theorems ..................... 189
5 Introduction to radar interferometry ....................... 208
5.1 Radar interferometry .................................. 208
5.2 Sources of interferometric decorrelation .............. 219
6 Polarimetric interferometry ................................ 234
6.1 Vector formulation of radar interferometry ............ 234
6.2 Coherence optimization ................................ 240
7 The coherence of surface and volume scattering ............. 252
7.1 Coherence loci for surface scattering ................. 253
7.2 Coherence loci for random volume scattering ........... 255
7.3 The coherence loci for a two-layer scattering model ... 265
7.4 Important special cases: RVOG, IWCM and OVOG .......... 270
8 Parameter estimation using polarimetric interferometry ..... 284
8.1 Surface topography estimation ......................... 284
8.2 Estimation of height hv ............................... 295
8.3 Hidden surface/target imaging ......................... 315
8.4 Structure estimation: extinction and Legendre
parameters ............................................ 322
9 Applications of polarimetry and interferometry ............. 340
9.1 Radar imaging ......................................... 340
9.2 Imaging interferometry: InSAR ......................... 345
9.3 Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POLSAR) ........ 347
9.4 Polarimetric SAR interferometry (POLInSAR) ............ 360
9.5 Applications of polarimetry and interferometry ........ 363
Appendix 1 Introduction to matrix algebra .................... 401
Appendix 2 Unitary and rotation groups ....................... 411
Appendix 3 Coherent stochastic signal analysis ............... 425
Bibliography .................................................. 435
Index ......................................................... 451
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