Preface ......................................................... 1
Chapter 1 Changing Views of the Relationship between
Neanderthals and Modern Humans
Nicholas J. Conard ................................... 5
Chapter 2 Neanderthals and Early Moderns—Human Contacts
on the Borderline of Archaeological Visibility
Gerd-Christian Weniger .............................. 21
Chapter 3 Intergalactic Meetings on Earth—Neanderthals and
Homo sapiens sapiens in Popular Representations
Miriam Noel Haidle .................................. 33
Chapter 4 How Did Modern Humans Displace Neanderthals?
Insights from Hunter-Gatherer Ethnography and
Archaeology
James F. О'Connell .................................. 43
Chapter 5 Neandertals and Modern Humans in the Middle
Paleolithic of the Levant: What Kind of
Interaction?
Erella Hovers ....................................... 65
Chapter 6 Searching for Morphological Evidence of Neandertal
Gene Flow in Early Modern Humans
Günter Bräuer ....................................... 87
Chapter 7 Revisiting the Last Neandertals
Jean-Jacques Hublin and Shara E. Bailey ............ 105
Chapter 8 Dietary Competition between Neanderthals and
Modern Humans: Insights from Stable Isotopes
Hervé Bocherens and Dorothée G. Drucker ............ 129
Chapter 9 The Peştura Сu Oase and Early Modern Humans in
Southeastern Europe
Erik Trinkaus, João Zilhão, Hélène Rougier,
Ricardo Rodrigo, Ştefan Milota, Mircea Gherase,
Laurenţiu Sarcină, Oana Moldovan, Ion Cornel
Băltean, Vlad Codrea, Shara E. Bailey, Robert
G. Franciscus, Marcia Ponce de León, and
Christoph P.E. Zollikofer .......................... 145
Chapter 10 Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Neanderthal-
Modern Human Interactions in the Southern
Caucasus
Daniel S. Adler, Anna Belfer-Cohen, and
Ofer Bar-Yosef ..................................... 165
Chapter 11 Transit Lounge of Eastern Europe: Multicultural
Crimea during the Late Middle Paleolithic and
Early Upper Paleolithic
Katherine Monigal .................................. 189
Chapter 12 New Perspectives on the Transcarpathian Middle
to Upper Paleolithic Boundary
Vitale I. Usik, Katherine Monigal, and Larissa
Kulakovskaya ....................................... 213
Chapter 13 The Danubian Gate to Europe: Patterns of
Chronology, Settlement Archaeology, and
Demography of Late Neandertals and Early Modern
Humans on the Middle Danube
Jiři A. Svoboda .................................... 233
Chapter 14 The First Modern Humans in the Middle Danube
Area? New Evidence from Willendorf II (Eastern
Austria)
Philip R. Nigst .................................... 269
Chapter 15 The Last Neanderthals and First Modern Humans in
the Swabian Jura
Nicholas J. Conard, Michael Bolus, Paul Goldberg,
and Susanne Münzel ................................. 305
Chapter 16 The Campanian Ignimbrite Tephra and its Relevance
for the Timing of the Middle to Upper
Palaeolithic Shift
Biagio Giaccio, Irka Hajdas, Marco Peresani,
Francesco G. Fedele, and Roberto Isaia ............. 343
Chapter 17 Was There Increasing Dietary Specialization
across the mlddle-to-upper paleolithic Transition
in France?
Donald K. Grayson and Françoise Delpech ............ 377
Chapter 18 The Neandertal-Modern Human Meeting in Iberia:
A Critical View of the Cultural, Geographical and
Chronological Data
Manuel Vaquero, Julià Maroto, Alvaro
Arrizabalaga, Javier Baena, Enrique Baquedano,
Elena Carrión, Jesús F. Jordà, Maria Martinón,
Mario Menéndez, Ramón Montes, and Jordi Rosell ..... 419
Chapter 19 A Cantabrian Perspective on Late Neanderthals
Victoria Cabrera Valdés, J.M. Maillo Fernández,
Anne Pike-Tay, M.D. Garralda Benajes, and
Federico Bernaldo de Quiros ........................ 441
Chapter 20 Neanderthals and Modern Humans: A Different
Interpretation
Ofer Bar-Yosef ..................................... 467
Contributors .................................................. 483
Index ......................................................... 491
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