PREFACE ....................................................... vii
LIST OF FIGURES ................................................. x
LIST OF EXHIBITS ............................................... xi
LIST OF TABLES ................................................ xii
LIST OF BOXES ................................................ xiii
ABBREVIATIONS .................................................. xv
PART I CONSUMER-TO-CONSUMER INFLUENCE: THE RISING POWER OF
CONSUMERS
1 Marketing in Evolution ....................................... 3
Two Marketing Philosophies: The Selling Concept Versus the
Marketing Concept ............................................ 5
How Marketing Works ......................................... 19
Conclusion .................................................. 24
2 The Twenty-First Century Consumer Landscape: New
Realities ................................................... 25
Media and Audience Fragmentation ............................ 25
Consumers Tuning Out Formal Marketing Efforts ............... 42
Consumer Connectedness ...................................... 49
Conclusion .................................................. 58
3 Targeting Consumers in the Era of Web 2.0 ................... 59
Welcome to Web 2.0 .......................................... 60
How Information Spreads ..................................... 63
Market Segmentation and Targeting ........................... 68
Emerging Consumer Target Groups ............................. 75
Movers and Shakers: Opinion Leaders, Brand Advocates, and
Innovators .................................................. 81
Conclusion .................................................. 92
4 Word-of-Mouth Influence ..................................... 94
The Nature of WOM ........................................... 95
WOM Antecedents ............................................ 104
The Impact of WOM .......................................... 110
Separating Fact from Fallacy About WOM ..................... 115
Conclusion ................................................. 126
PART II CONNECTED MARKETING: MEASUREMENT, APPROACHES, AND
TECHNIQUES
5 Word of Mouth and Social Media Research and Measurement .... 129
WOM Research Terminology ................................... 130
WOM Research: Traditional Scientific Approaches ............ 132
Social Marketing Metrics ................................... 146
Identifying Influences ..................................... 159
Conclusion ................................................. 169
6 Listening to and Engaging Consumers ........................ 170
The Tenets of Good Conversation ............................ 171
Trust and the Building of Marketer-Customer
Relationships .............................................. 184
Participating in the Blogosphere ........................... 186
Engaging with Online Networks and Communities .............. 193
How Companies Listen and Engage: Some Case Examples ........ 199
Conclusion ................................................. 210
7 Connected Marketing I: Word-of-Mouth Marketing
Techniques ................................................. 211
Alternative Marketing Approaches: Defined, Classified,
and Deconstructed .......................................... 213
WOMM Techniques ............................................ 218
Conclusion ................................................. 247
8 Connected Marketing II: Viral and Live Buzz Marketing
Techniques ................................................. 249
Viral Marketing ............................................ 251
The Nature of Viral Marketing .............................. 252
Hotmail: An Early Viral Marketing Success Story ............ 257
Practical Suggestions for Viral Marketing Campaigns ........ 259
Live Buzz Marketing ........................................ 273
Conclusion ................................................. 289
9 Synthesis and a Look to the Future ......................... 290
Five Key Lessons for Connected Marketing ................... 290
Connecting with Consumers: What Does the Future Hold? ...... 300
REFERENCES INDEX .............................................. 305
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