Waring R.W. Forest ecosystems: analysis at multiple scales / R.H.Waring, S.W.Running. - 3rd ed. - Burlington; San-Diego: Elsevier/Academic Press, 2007. - xviii, 420 p., [25] p. of plates: ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). - Bibliogr.: 347-408. - Ind.: p.409-420. - ISBN 978-0-12-370605-8  Место хранения:   034 | Институт леса СО РАН | Красноярск | Библиотека

Оглавление / Contents

Preface to the Third Edition ................................... xi Preface to the Second Edition ................................ xiii Preface to the First Edition ................................... xv Acknowledgments .............................................. xvii 1 Forest Ecosystem Analysis at Multiple Time and Space Scales I. Introduction ............................................ 1 II. The Scientific Domain of Forest Ecosystem Analysis ...... 2 III. The Space/Time Domain of Ecosystem Analysis ............. 4 IV. Time and Space Scaling from the Stand/Seasonal Level ... 10 V. Management Applications of Ecosystem Analysis .......... 14 VI. Related Textbooks ...................................... 16 VII. Web Site for Updated Materials ......................... 16 SECTION I. Introduction to Analysis of Seasonal Cycles of Water, Carbon, and Minerals through Forest Stands 2 Water Cycles I. Introduction ........................................... 19 II. Heat and Water Vapor Transfer from Vegetation .......... 21 III. Water Flow through Trees ............................... 34 IV. Water Storage and Losses from Snow ..................... 46 V. Water Flow across and through Soil ..................... 50 VI. Coupled Water Balance Models ........................... 52 VII. Summary ................................................ 57 3 Carbon Cycle I. Introduction ........................................... 59 II. Photosynthesis ......................................... 62 III. Autotrophic Respiration ................................ 67 IV. Heterotrophic Respiration .............................. 71 V. Modeling Photosynthesis and Respiration ................ 76 VI. Net Primary Production and Allocation .................. 82 VII. Comparison of Forest Ecosystem Models .................. 96 VIII.Summary ................................................ 98 4 Mineral Cycles I. Introduction ........................................... 99 II. Plant Processes Affecting Nutrient Cycling ............ 100 III. Sources of Nutrients .................................. 111 IV. Soil and Litter Processes ............................. 119 V. Mass Balance and Models of Mineral Cycles ............. 138 VI. Summary ............................................... 144 SECTION II. Introduction to Temporal Scaling 5 Temporal Changes in Forest Structure and Function I. Introduction .......................................... 149 II. Structural Stages in Stand Development ................ 151 III. Functional Responses of Stands at Different Stages in Development ........................................ 159 IV. Looking Back in Time .................................. 162 V. Ecosystem Models, Projections Forward in Time ......... 168 VI. Summary ............................................... 180 6 Susceptibility and Response of Forests to Disturbance I. Introduction .......................................... 183 II. Biotic Factors ........................................ 184 III. Abiotic Factors ....................................... 203 IV. Summary ............................................... 218 SECTION III. Introduction to Spatial Scaling and Spatial/ Temporal Modeling 7 Spatial Scaling Methods for Landscape and Regional Ecosystem Analysis I. Introduction .......................................... 225 II. Abiotic Site Variables ................................ 231 III. Providing the Driving Variables, Climatology .......... 236 IV. Describing the Ecosystem .............................. 243 V. Spatially Explicit Landscape Pattern Analysis ......... 257 VI. Data Layer Inconsistencies ............................ 259 VII. Summary ............................................... 259 8 Regional and Landscape Ecological Analysis I. Introduction .......................................... 261 II. Horizontal Connections: Biotic Analysis of Forest Patterns .............................................. 262 III. Vertical Connections: Forest-Atmosphere Interactions .......................................... 272 IV. Vertical and Horizontal Connections: Regional Biogeochemistry ....................................... 274 V. Summary ............................................... 288 9 The Role of Forests in Global Ecology I. Introduction .......................................... 291 II. Global Forest Distribution ............................ 292 III. Forest-Climate Interactions ........................... 300 IV. Forests in the Global Carbon Cycle .................... 303 V. Forests and Biodiversity .............................. 310 VI. Sustainability of Global Forests ...................... 314 VII. Summary ............................................... 315 10 Advances in Eddy-Flux Analyses, Remote Sensing, and Evidence of Climate Change I. Introduction .......................................... 317 II. Eddy-Covariance Fluxes ................................ 318 III. New Remote Sensing of Forests ......................... 328 IV. Climate Change and Forests ............................ 339 Epilogue ...................................................... 345 Bibliography .................................................. 347 Index ......................................................... 409 Color plates appear between pages 220-221; 260-261; 268-269; and at the back of the book.