 | Erten E. Information theory of multi-temporal SAR system with application to motion detection and change detection: Diss. … Dr.-Ing. / Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik und Radarsysteme, Oberpfaffenhofen. - Köln: DLR, Bibliotheks- und Informationswesen, 2010. - xiii, 119 p.: ill. - Bibliogr.: p.114-119. - (Forschungsbericht; 2010-38). - ISSN 1434-8454
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1 Introduction ................................................. 2
1.1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) .......................... 2
1.2 Multivariate statistical theory ......................... 3
1.3 Thesis contribution ..................................... 3
1.4 Outline ................................................. 5
2 Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging ............................. 7
2.1 Principles of SAR image formation ....................... 8
2.1.1 SAR geometry ..................................... 8
2.1.2 SAR processing .................................. 10
2.2 Fundamental properties of SAR images ................... 14
2.2.1 Single-channel SAR image statistics ............. 15
2.2.2 Multi-channel SAR image statistics .............. 19
2.2.2.1 Polarimetric SAR image ................. 20
2.3 Fundamental properties of temporal multi-channel SAR
image .................................................. 23
2.3.1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar:
InSAR ........................................... 23
2.3.1.1 Application for topographic and
deformation mapping .................... 26
2.3.2 Polarimetric Interferometric SAR:PolInSAR ............ 29
3 Information Theory of Multi-channel SAR Imaging Mode ........ 33
3.1 Characterization of temporal multi-channel SAR image ... 33
3.2 Information theory based motion estimation algorithm:
Application to glacier monitoring ...................... 38
3.2.1 A new maximum likelihood texture tracking
algorithm ....................................... 41
3.2.1.1 Multiplicative speckle model with
uncorrelated speckle within and
between images ......................... 42
3.2.1.2 Multiplicative speckle model with
uncorrelated speckle within images
and correlated speckle between
images ................................. 44
3.2.2 Accuracy assessment ............................. 48
3.2.2.1 Accuracy assessment with synthetic
images ................................. 48
3.2.2.2 Estimation of sample correlation
coefficient between intensity images ... 50
3.3 Information theory based change detection .............. 53
3.3.1 A statistical similarity measure: The KL-
divergence test ................................. 55
3.3.2 Information theory based a new change
detector ........................................ 57
3.3.3 Accuracy assessment of change detection
problem ......................................... 63
3.3.3.1 Mutual information and canonical
correlations ........................... 72
4 Experimental Results ........................................ 75
4.1 Motion detection ....................................... 75
4.1.1 Experimental results with space-borne data
set ............................................. 77
4.1.1.1 Motion detection at specific areas ..... 79
4.1.1.2 Motion detection analysis through
entire glacier ......................... 81
4.1.2 Experimental results with airborne data set ..... 84
4.2 Change detection ....................................... 88
4.2.1 Change detection at specific areas .............. 89
4.2.2 Change detection analysis through entire
agricultural fields ............................. 97
5 Discussions and Conclusions ................................ 102
A Appendix ................................................... 105
A.l Bivariate Gamma distribution .......................... 105
A.2 Generating correlated complex vector of random
variables ............................................. 107
A.3 Complex Wishart distribution .......................... 109
A.3.1 Hypergeometric functions of matrix argument .... 109
A.3.2 The joint characteristic function of
correlated Wishart process ..................... 110
A.3.3 The relationship between the MLRT and the
canonical correlation analysis in the context
of PolInSAR .................................... 112
A.3.4 Intensity cross correlation .................... 113
Bibliography .................................................. 114
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