 | Meyer V. Thunderstorm tracking and monitoring on the basis of three dimensional lightning data and conventional and polarimetric radar data: diss. … dr. rer. nat. / Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen. - Köln: DLR, Bibliotheks- und Informationswesen, 2010. - iv, 138 p.: ill. - (Forschungsbericht; 10-31). - Bibliogr.: p.121-128. - ISSN 1434-8454
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Contents ........................................................ i
Abstract ........................................................ v
1 Introduction ................................................. 1
2 Background of Convection Lifecycles and their Nowcasting ..... 5
2.1 Cloud Electrification and Lightning Discharges in
Thunderstorms ........................................... 5
2.1.1 Global Electric Circuit .......................... 5
2.1.2 Electrification Processes and Electrical
Structure in Thunderstorms ....................... 5
2.1.3 Lightning Processes and Their Discharge
Characteristics .................................. 7
2.2 Conceptual Model for Thunderstorm Development and
Evolution .............................................. 14
2.2.1 Classical Life-Cycle Model ...................... 14
2.2.2 Organization Forms of Thunderstorms ............. 17
2.3 Data Sources and Measurement Principles ................ 18
2.3.1 Lightning Monitoring Methods .................... 18
2.3.2 Radar Systems ................................... 26
2.4 Methods and Applications of Thunderstorm Nowcasting .... 30
2.4.1 Scale Dependencies .............................. 30
2.4.2 Current Status of Thunderstorm Nowcasting ....... 32
2.4.3 Operational Thunderstorm Nowcasting Tools ....... 34
3 Methodology and Data Sources ................................ 37
3.1 Concept ec-TRAM ........................................ 37
3.1.1 General Approach ................................ 37
3.1.2 Radar-Cell Tracker rad-TRAM ..................... 43
3.1.3 Lightning-Cell Tracker li-TRAM .................. 45
3.1.4 Tracking Method ec-TRAM ......................... 46
3.1.5 Cell Database ................................... 48
3.2 Data Sources ........................................... 49
3.2.1 Lightning detection network - LINET ............. 49
3.2.2 DWD Radar Fürholzen ............................. 56
3.2.3 DLR Radar POLDIRAD .............................. 56
3.2.4 Satellite Data from cell tracking algorithm
Cb-TRAM ......................................... 57
3.2.5 Sampling Domain and Period ...................... 58
4 Performance and Verification of the Thunderstorm Tracker
ec-TRAM ..................................................... 61
4.1 Cell Identification with ec-TRAM ....................... 62
4.2 Cell Tracking with ec-TRAM ............................. 68
4.3 Cell Nowcasting and Nowcast Quality with ec-TRAM ....... 73
4.4 Statistical Analyses of Selected Cell Parameters ....... 74
5 Evaluation of Convective Life-Cycles from Thunderstorm
Cell Tracker ec-TRAM ........................................ 81
5.1 Case-studies ........................................... 82
5.2 Statistical Results .................................... 89
5.2.1 Lightning-Cell Parameter Correlations ........... 89
5.2.2 Time Lagged IС and CG Discharge Activity ........ 95
6 Conclusion and Outlook ...................................... 97
A Appendix ................................................... 105
A.l Definition of Radio Wave Frequency Bands .............. 105
A.2 Definition of Box-And-Whisker Plot .................... 105
A.3 Verification Methods for Dichotomous (Yes/No)
Forecasts ............................................. 106
A.4 SQL Database .......................................... 108
A.4.1 Tabular Structure and Linkages ................. 108
A.4.2 Cell Parameters ................................ 108
A.5 Linear Lightning-Cell Parameter Correlation Plots
with Distribution Spread .............................. 114
Acknowledgements .............................................. 119
Bibliography .................................................. 120
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