Part 1 Molecular Components of Cells
1 The Facts of Life: Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological
Phenomena ................................................... 1
2 Water:The Medium of Life ................................... 28
3 Thermodynamics of Biological Systems ....................... 48
4 Amino Acids ................................................ 70
5 Proteins:Their Primary Structure and Biological
Functions .................................................. 93
6 Proteins: Secondary,Tertiary, and Quaternary Structure .... 134
7 Carbohydrates and Glycoconjugates of Cell Surfaces ........ 181
8 Lipids .................................................... 219
9 Membranes and Membrane Transport .......................... 242
10 Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids ............................. 291
11 Structure of Nucleic Acids ................................ 316
12 Recombinant DNA: Cloning and Creation of Chimeric Genes ... 354
Part 2 Protein Dynamics
13 Enzymes-Kinetics and Specificity .......................... 382
14 Mechanisms of Enzyme Action ............................... 419
15 Enzyme Regulation ......................................... 452
16 Molecular Motors .......................................... 481
Part 3 Metabolism and Its Regulation
17 Metabolism: An Overview ................................... 511
18 Glycolysis ................................................ 535
19 The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle .............................. 563
20 Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation .......... 592
21 Photosynthesis ............................................ 630
22 Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose
Phosphate Pathway ......................................... 662
23 Fatty Acid Catabolism ..................................... 697
24 Lipid Biosynthesis ........................................ 722
25 Nitrogen Acquisition and Amino Acid Metabolism ............ 768
26 Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides .................. 813
27 Metabolic Integration and Organ Specialization ............ 839
Part 4 Information Transfer
28 DNA Metabolism: Replication, Recombination, and Repair .... 862
29 Transcription and the Regulation of Gene Expression ....... 906
30 Protein Synthesis ......................................... 952
31 Completing the Protein Life Cycle: Folding, Processing,
and Degradation ........................................... 987
32 The Reception and Transmission of Extracellular
Information .............................................. 1008
Abbreviated Answers to Problems ............................... A-1
Index ......................................................... 1-1
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