Endorsement ..................................................... V
Preface ....................................................... VII
Chapter 1 Alkaloids ............................................. 1
1.1 Nicotine from Tobacco ..................................... 3
1.2 Caffeine from Green Tea and Green Coffee Beans ........... 25
1.3 Theobromine from Cocoa Powder ............................ 39
1.4 Piperine from Black Pepper ............................... 53
1.5 Cytisine from Seeds of the Golden Chain Tree ............. 65
1.6 Galanthamine from the Bulbs of Daffodils "Carlton" ....... 83
1.7 Strychnine from Seeds of the Strychnine Tree ............ 103
Chapter 2 Aromatic Compounds .................................. 129
2.1 Anethole from Ouzo, containing Anise Extract ............. 131
2.2 Eugenol from Cloves ...................................... 143
2.3 Chamazulene from German Chamomile Flowers ................ 153
2.4 Tetrahydrocannabinol from Marijuana ...................... 169
Chapter 3 Dyestuffs and Coloured Compounds .................... 189
3.1 Lawsone from Henna Leaves Powder ......................... 191
3.2 Cur cumin from Turmeric .................................. 207
3.3 Brazileine from Pernambuco Wood .......................... 221
3.4 Indigo from Woad ......................................... 241
3.5 Capsanthin from Sweet Pepper Powder ...................... 261
Chapter 4 Carbohydrates ....................................... 283
4.1 Glucosamine from the shells of common shrimps ............ 285
4.2 Lactose from Milk ........................................ 303
4.3 Amygdalin from Bitter Almonds ............................ 319
4.4 Hesperidin from the Peel of Mandarin Oranges ............. 335
Chapter 5 Terpenoids .......................................... 357
5.1 Limonene from Brasilian Sweet Orange Oil .................. 359
5.2 Menthol from Japanese Peppermint Oil ...................... 373
5.3 The Thujones from Common Sage or Wormwood ................. 389
5.4 Patchouli Alcohol from Patchouli .......................... 409
5.5 Onocerin from Spiny Restharrow Roots ...................... 427
5.6 Cnicin from Blessed Thistle Leaves ........................ 443
5.7 Abietic Acid from Colophony of Pine Trees ................. 459
5.8 Betulinic Acid from Plane-Tree Bark ....................... 481
Chapter 6 Miscellaneous ....................................... 501
6.1 Shikimic Acid from Star Aniseed .......................... 503
6.2 Aleuritic Acid from Shellac .............................. 519
Answers to Questions and Translations ......................... 539
Answers Chapter 1 Alkaloids ................................... 539
1.1 Nicotine ................................................. 539
1.2 Caffeine ................................................. 541
1.3 Theobromine .............................................. 544
1.4 Piperine ................................................. 546
1.5 Cytisine ................................................. 548
1.6 Galanthamine ............................................. 552
1.7 Strychnine ............................................... 554
Answers Chapter 2 Aromatic Compounds .......................... 558
2.1 Anethole ................................................. 558
2.2 Eugenol .................................................. 559
2.3 Chamazulene .............................................. 561
2.4 Tetrahydrocannabinol ..................................... 565
Answers Chapter 3 Dyestuffs and Coloured Compounds ............ 569
3.1 Lawsone .................................................. 569
3.2 Curcumin ................................................. 571
3.3 Brazileine ............................................... 574
3.4 Indigo ................................................... 577
3.5 Capsanthin ............................................... 580
Answers Chapter 4 Carbohydrates ............................... 583
4.1 Glucosamine .............................................. 583
4.2 Lactose .................................................. 585
4.3 Amygdalin ................................................ 587
4.4 Hesperidin ............................................... 588
Answers Chapter 5 Terpenoids .................................. 591
5.1 Limonene ................................................. 591
5.2 Menthol .................................................. 595
5.3 The Thujones ............................................. 599
5.4 Patchouli Alcohol ........................................ 602
5.5 Onocerin ................................................. 605
5.6 Cnicin ................................................... 607
5.7 Abietic Acid ............................................. 610
5.8 Betulinic Acid ........................................... 614
Answers Chapter 6 Miscellaneous ............................... 617
6.1 Shikimic Acid ............................................ 617
6.2 Aleuritic Acid ........................................... 618
Appendix ...................................................... 621
Index ......................................................... 622
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