Preface ........................................................ xi
Editors ...................................................... xiii
Contributors ................................................... xv
Chapter 1. Overview ............................................ 1
Donald Dimmel
Chapter 2. Determing Lignin Structure by Chemical
Degradations ....................................... 11
Catherine Lapierre
Chapter 3. Electronic Spectroscopy of Lignins ................. 49
John A. Schmidt
Chapter 4. Vibrational Spectroscopy .......................... 103
Umesh P. Agarwal and Rajai H. Atalla
Chapter 5. NMR of Lignins .................................... 137
John Ralph and Larry L. Landucci
Chapter 6. Heteronuclear NMR Spectroscopy of Lignins ......... 245
Dimitris S. Argyropoulos
Chapter 7. Functional Groups and Bonding Patterns in Lignin
(Including the Lignin-Carbohydrate Complexes) ..... 267
Gösta Brunow and Knut Lundquist
Chapter 8. Thermal Properties of Isolated and in situ
Lignin ............................................ 301
Hyoe Hatakeyama and Tatsuko Hatakeyama
Chapter 9. Reactivity of Lignin-Correlation with Molecular
Orbital Calculations .............................. 321
Thomas Elder and Raymond C. Fort, Jr.
Chapter 10. Chemistry of Alkaline Pulping ..................... 349
Donald Dimmel and Göran Gellerstedt
Chapter 11. Chemistry of Pulp Bleaching ....................... 393
Göran Gellerstedt
Chapter 12. The Chemistry of Lignin-Retaining Bleaching:
Oxidative Bleaching Agents ........................ 439
Gordon Leary and John A. Schmidt
Chapter 13. The Chemistry of Lignin-Retaining Reductive
Bleaching: Reductive Bleaching Agents ............. 471
Sylvain Robert
Chapter 14. Lignin Biodegradation ............................. 495
Karl-Erik L. Eriksson
Chapter 15. Biopulping and Biobleaching ....................... 521
I.D. Reid, R. Bourbonnais, and M.G. Paice
Chapter 16. The Photochemistry of Lignin ...................... 555
Cyril Heitner
Chapter 17. Pharmacological Properties of Lignans ............. 585
Takeshi Deyama and Sansei Nishibe
Index ......................................................... 631
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